Chapter 7 Flashcards
X ray
using electromagnetic waves of very shirt lengths and passing it through the skull and the high density tissue is what shows up on film
Contrast X rays
imaging aspects of the nervous system itself
Cerebral Angiography
a radiotranslucent dye is injected into the cerebral and the dye will travel will travel through blood vessels to the brain. it shows the cerebral circulatory system
Digital Subtraction Angiograph
s a type of fluoroscopy technique used in interventional radiology to clearly visualize blood vessels in a bony or dense soft tissue environment.
CT/ CAT scan
a modified x ray procedure visualizing the brain and its internal structure
Interpreting CT scans
looking for symmetric between the two hemispheres of the brain. Any kind of difference in density
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
a powerful magnetic field is generated and hits hydrogen atoms in brain tissue because of this hydrogen atoms then admit waves that are picked up by sensor then translated to 2D & 3D images
Positron Emission Tomography
records the accumulation of radio activity in the active part of the brain by injecting radioactive 2 deoxyglucose
Shows how much radioactivity is admitted from each part of the brain
Radioactive 2-Deoxyglucose
a substance that is similar to glucose but radioactively tagged
Single-Photon Emission Coupled Tomography
Uses radioactively tagged isotopes that can be picked up by a sensor and chemicals that detect gamma rays project 3D images
Stereotaxic Surgery
technique used to manipulate the brain in living animals. Targeting regions deep within the intact brain poses a unique problem in that usually the surgical target cannot be located visually.
Aspiration Lesions
use a eye dropper to suck out brain material usually used for coordical tissue
Lesioning Techniques
trying to damage a specific part of the brain to see behavioral change
Radio Frequency Lesions
passing high frequency current through a stereotaxic positioned electrode. The heat from the current destroys the brain tissue at the electrode and the intensity of the current passing through the electrode determines the size of the lesion.
Knife Cuts
using scapal tool to sever tracts of nerves
Cryogenic Blockade
(Temporary or reversible legion)
Single Unit Recording
measure the electrical activity of a single neuron. requires intracellular unit recording a moment by moment of the membrane ( immobilized animals are used)
Extracellular Unit recording
action potentials of neurons using probes
Multiple unit Recording
use special electrodes/probes to pick up from several neurons simultaneously were listening to the voice of multiple neurons
Pharmacological Research Methods
administer a drug and see how it affects the nervous system and see the affects of the drug
intrejasjic injection
put a tube in stomach to administer
Hypodermic injection
partinal cavity in abdomen
Intramascularly
administer by putting it into a large muscle
Cannula
a hollow needle that is stereotaxic that injects at the targeted spot ( goes directly into the brain)
