Chapter 7

Question 1

X ray

Answer 1

using electromagnetic waves of very shirt lengths and passing it through the skull and the high density tissue is what shows up on film

Question 2

Contrast X rays

Answer 2

imaging aspects of the nervous system itself

Question 3

Cerebral Angiography

Answer 3

a radiotranslucent dye is injected into the cerebral and the dye will travel will travel through blood vessels to the brain. it shows the cerebral circulatory system

Question 4

Digital Subtraction Angiograph

Answer 4

s a type of fluoroscopy technique used in interventional radiology to clearly visualize blood vessels in a bony or dense soft tissue environment.

Question 5

CT/ CAT scan

Answer 5

a modified x ray procedure visualizing the brain and its internal structure

Question 6

Interpreting CT scans

Answer 6

looking for symmetric between the two hemispheres of the brain. Any kind of difference in density

Question 7

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Answer 7

a powerful magnetic field is generated and hits hydrogen atoms in brain tissue because of this hydrogen atoms then admit waves that are picked up by sensor then translated to 2D & 3D images

Question 8

Positron Emission Tomography

Answer 8

records the accumulation of radio activity in the active part of the brain by injecting radioactive 2 deoxyglucose
Shows how much radioactivity is admitted from each part of the brain

Question 9

Radioactive 2-Deoxyglucose

Answer 9

a substance that is similar to glucose but radioactively tagged

Question 10

Single-Photon Emission Coupled Tomography

Answer 10

Uses radioactively tagged isotopes that can be picked up by a sensor and chemicals that detect gamma rays project 3D images

Question 11

Stereotaxic Surgery

Answer 11

technique used to manipulate the brain in living animals. Targeting regions deep within the intact brain poses a unique problem in that usually the surgical target cannot be located visually.

Question 12

Aspiration Lesions

Answer 12

use a eye dropper to suck out brain material usually used for coordical tissue

Question 13

Lesioning Techniques

Answer 13

trying to damage a specific part of the brain to see behavioral change

Question 14

Radio Frequency Lesions

Answer 14

passing high frequency current through a stereotaxic positioned electrode. The heat from the current destroys the brain tissue at the electrode and the intensity of the current passing through the electrode determines the size of the lesion.

Question 15

Knife Cuts

Answer 15

using scapal tool to sever tracts of nerves

Question 16

Cryogenic Blockade

Answer 16

(Temporary or reversible legion)

Question 17

Single Unit Recording

Answer 17

measure the electrical activity of a single neuron. requires intracellular unit recording a moment by moment of the membrane ( immobilized animals are used)

Question 18

Extracellular Unit recording

Answer 18

action potentials of neurons using probes

Question 19

Multiple unit Recording

Answer 19

use special electrodes/probes to pick up from several neurons simultaneously were listening to the voice of multiple neurons

Question 20

Pharmacological Research Methods

Answer 20

administer a drug and see how it affects the nervous system and see the affects of the drug

Question 21

intrejasjic injection

Answer 21

put a tube in stomach to administer

Question 22

Hypodermic injection

Answer 22

partinal cavity in abdomen

Question 23

Intramascularly

Answer 23

administer by putting it into a large muscle

Question 24

Cannula

Answer 24

a hollow needle that is stereotaxic that injects at the targeted spot ( goes directly into the brain)