Chapter 7 Flashcards
Which pleura is sensitive to painful stimulation while the other is not
Parietal
The most common sites for referred pain from the pulmonary system are
Chest, ribs, upper trap, shoulder and thoracic spine
In tracheobronchial pain the ____ are free of pain inner action
Finger bronchi and lung parenchyma , but the trachea and large bronchi can have pain
Pleural pain feels like
Sharp localized pain
What is auto splinting
When you lie on the painful side which reduces the pain because the movement of that side is now restricted
The diaphragmatic pleura receives dual pain innervation from
The phrenic and intercostal nerves
Damage to the phrenic nerve will cause…. Because…
Paralysis of the corresponding half of the diaphragm because it has both sensory and motor function
Stimulation of the peripheral pleura of the diaphragm can refer pain to the
Costal margins and lumbar region
Stimulation of the central portion of the diaphramatic pleura will refer pain to the
Upper trap and shoulder of the same side
Ph should be kept in this range
7.35 to 7.45
The arterial blood gas test measures
The amount of dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide in arterial blood
Acid build up occurs when there is
An ineffective removal of CO2 from the lungs or there is excess s acid production from the tissues
Respiratory acidosis is
When there is an increase in the amount of circulating hydrogen ions due to the decreased ventilation causing a retention of CO2
During respiratory acidosis, _____ moves out of the cels into the ______ to exchange with _____
Potassium, extra cellular fluid, hydrogen
What is hyperkalemia
Increased circulating potassium that can cause cardiac arrest
What is respiratory alkalosis
Increases respiratory rate and depth decreasing the amount of avilable CO2 and hydrogen causing increased pH
Respiratory acidosis is due to _____ respiratory alkalosis is due to ______
Hypo ventilation, hyperventilation
What is renal compensation and when does it occur
When respiratory alkalosis and acidosis persist for hours or days and the kidneys take over to restore normal blood pH levels by selective excretion or retention of hydrogen ions or bicarbonate
Signs and symptoms of respiratory acidosis
Decreased ventilation, confusion, sleepiness, unconsciousness, diaphoresis, shallow rapid breathing, restlessness, cyanosis
Signs and sy,proms of respiratory alkalosis
Hyperventilation, lightheadedness, dizziness, numbness and tinglingm syncope
Criteria for chronic bronchitis
Coughs for 3 months per year for 2 consecutive years
Bronchiectasis occurs after
Infections
Dead space is present in _____ and is
Emphysema , areas where no gas exchange occurs
The most common type of emphysema and what is it
Centrilobular, stays in the upper lung regions
Centrilovular emphysema destroys the
Bronchioles
Pan lobular emphysema destroys the
Alveolar walls
Pan lobar emphysema occurs in the
Lower airways
Emphysema patients have a harder time breathing out or in
Out
Para septal emphysema occurs in the
Lower lobes of the lungs
Pursed lip breathing in emphysema is given because
It maintains intrabronchial pressure and Improves the mixing of gases in the lungs
TB is likely to be contracted when
There is repeated exposure to the air particles, not just a brief exposure
Drug resistant strains of TB occur when
The patient doesn’t finish their prescriptions because they feel better
BCG for TB is
Not very good because it’s short term
TB severe effects on the skeleton…
Hip and vertebrae have arthritic changes
The hallmark of systemic sclerosis or scleroderma is
Fibrosis affecting the skin and visceral organs
Signs and symptoms of early or undiagnosed cystic fibrosis
Persistent cough and wheezing, recurrent pneumonia, excessive appetite with poor weight gain, salty skin, sweat, bulky foul smelling stools
Cor pulmonale is
Arises from a sudden dilation of the right ventricle as a result of pulmonary embolism
What is pleurisy
Inflammation of the pleura caused by infection, injury or tumor
