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Biology > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Van Leeuwenhoek

A

A man from Holland who used a single-lens microscope to observe pond water and other things. The microscope revealed a fantastic world of tiny living organisms that seemed to be everywhere.

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2
Q

Hooke

A

An English man who used an early compound microscope to look at a nonliving thin slice of cork, a plant material. He discovered what he called cells.

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3
Q

Prokaryotes

A

Cells that do no enclose their DNA in nuclei

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4
Q

Eukaryotes

A

Cells that enclose their DNA in their nuclei

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5
Q

Cell Membrane

A

A thin flexible barrier surrounding the cell.

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6
Q

Cell Wall

A

A strong supporting layer around the membrane.

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7
Q

Nucleus

A

A large membrane-enclosed structure that contains genetic material in the form of DNA and controls many of cell’s activities.

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8
Q

Cytoplasm

A

The portion of the cell outside of the nucleus.

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9
Q

Nuclear Envelope

A

The double lipid bilayer membrane which surrounds the genetic material and nucleolus in eukaryotic cells.

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10
Q

Nucleolus

A

A small dense region where the assembly of ribosomes begins.

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11
Q

Chromatin

A

Substance found in eukaryotic chromosomes that consists of DNA tightly coiled around histones.

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12
Q

Chromosomes

A

Threadlike structures of DNA and protein that contains genetic information; in eukaryotes, chromosomes are found in the nucleus; in prokaryotes, they are found in the cytoplasm.

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13
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

A network of protein filaments that give eukaryotic cells their shape and internal organization. It also helps transport material between different parts of the cell.

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14
Q

Contractile Vacuoles

A

Large, saclike, membrane-enclosed structures that store materials like water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates.

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15
Q

Vescicles

A

A small organelle within a cell, consisting of fluid enclosed by a lipid bilayer membrane.

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16
Q

Lipid Bilayer

A

Is what gives cell membranes a flexible structure that forms a strong barrier between the cell and it surroundings.

17
Q

Solute

A

The component in a solution that’s dissolved in the solvent.

18
Q

Solvent

A

The liquid in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution.

19
Q

Passive Transport

A

The movement of material across the cell membrane without using cellular energy.

20
Q

Active Transport

A

The movement of materials against a concentration difference. Active transport require energy.

21
Q

Diffusion

A

When molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

22
Q

Equilibrium

A

When the concentration of the solute is the same throughout the solution.

23
Q

Facilitated Diffusion

A

When certain molecules cross the membrane through specific proteins channels found in the membrane.

24
Q

Osmosis

A

The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane.

25
Q

Isotonic

A

When the concentration of the solutions are the same on both sides of the membrane.

26
Q

Hypertonic

A

The side of the cell with the higher concentration (above strength).

27
Q

Hypotonic

A

The side of the cell with the lower concentration (below strength).

28
Q

Osmotic Pressure

A

The pressure osmosis exerts on the hypertonic side of a selectively permeable membrane.

29
Q

Endocytosis

A

Taking materials into the cell by the means of infolding, or pockets, of the cell membrane.

30
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Large particles taken into the cell.

31
Q

Pinocytosis

A

Taking up liquid from their environment.

32
Q

Exocytosis

A

Vesicles fusing with the cell membrane.

33
Q

Unicellular

A

One-celled organisms.

34
Q

Multicellular

A

Organisms made up of many cells.

35
Q

Cell Specialization

A

The cell performing a specific function for a larger organ or tissue.

36
Q

Organ

A

Group of tissue working together.

37
Q

Organ System

A

Group of organs working together to perform a specific function.

38
Q

Receptor

A

A protein molecule usually found embedded within the plasma membrane surface of a cell that receives chemical signals from outside the cell.

39
Q

Cell Theory

A

Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, All living things are composed of cells, and new cells are produced from existing cells.

Biology (4 decks)

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