Chapter 10 Flashcards
Cell division
The process by which a cell divides into 2 new daughter cells.
Asexual reproduction
The production of genetically identical offspring from a single parent.
Sexual reproduction
Type of reproduction in which cells from 2 parents unite to form the first cell of a new organism.
Chromatin
Threadlike DNA coiled tightly around histone proteins. Not visible with light microscope.
Chromosomes
Replicated chromatin which is condensed and coiled.
Interphase
Period between cell division.
M phase
Division of the cell.
Mitosis
Division of the nucleus of the cell.
Cytokinesis
Division of the cytoplasm.
Chromatid
Each DNA strand in the duplicated chromosome.
Centromeres
Points of attachment of the duplicated chromosomes.
Cyclins
Proteins that regulate the timing of the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells.
Internal regulators
Respond to events inside the cell.
External regulators
Respond to events outside the cell.
Apoptosis
Process of programmed cell death.
Benign
Noncancerous. Doesn’t spread to surrounding tissue.
Malignant
Cancerous. Invades and destroys surrounding tissue.
Differentiation
Process in which a cell becomes specialized.
Zygote
The single, fertilized cell.
Blastocyst
Hollow ball of cells with an inner cell mass.
Totipotent
Able to develop into any type of cell.
Pluripotent
Can develop into any of the body’s cell type.
Stem cells
The unspecialized cells from which differentiated cells develop.
