Chapter 7

Question 1

waste products (examples)

Answer 1

urea, creatinine, and uric acid

Question 2

waste products are released where?

Answer 2

the bloodstream

Question 3

renin

Answer 3

raises blood pressure

Question 4

Erythropoietin

Answer 4

a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow

Question 5

glomeruli

Answer 5

mass of tiny, coiled, and intertwined smaller blood vessels

Question 6

the kidneys produce urine by…

Answer 6

filtration

Question 7

renal tube

Answer 7

a twisted tube attached to each glomerular capsule

Question 8

reabsorbtion

Answer 8

ensures that the body retains essential substances such as sugar, water, and salts

Question 9

urine

Answer 9

95% water and 5% urea, creatinine, salts, acids, and drugs

Question 10

cortex

Answer 10

outer region of an organ

Question 11

cortical

Answer 11

pertaining to the cortex

Question 12

electrolyte

Answer 12

Chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water. Electrolytes are necessary for functioning of muscles and nerves. The kidneys maintain the proper balance of electrolytes and water in the blood. Potassium (K+) and sodium (Na+) are electrolytes.

Question 13

erythropoietin (EPO)

Answer 13

hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the production of red blood cells by bone marrow

Question 14

-poietin

Answer 14

a substance that forms

Question 15

filtration

Answer 15

process whereby some substances, but not all, pass through a filter.

Question 16

FUN FACT

Answer 16

About 180 quarts of fluid are filtered from the blood

Question 17

glomerulus

Answer 17

tiny ball of capillaries in the kidney

Question 18

ureter

Answer 18

one of the two tubes leading from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

Question 19

urethra

Answer 19

tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

Question 20

urination

Answer 20

voiding

Question 21

cyst/o

Answer 21

urinary bladder

Question 22

cystitis

Answer 22

inflammation of the urinary bladder

Question 23

glomerul/o

Answer 23

glomerulus

Question 24

nephr/o

Answer 24

kidney

Question 25

nephropathy

Answer 25

disease of the kidney

Question 26

hydronephrosis

Answer 26

water inside the kidney

Question 27

albumin/o

Answer 27

albumin (a protein in the blood)

Question 28

albuminuria

Answer 28

protein in urine

Question 29

bacteri/o

Answer 29

bacteria

Question 30

bacteriuria

Answer 30

bacteria in urine

Question 31

noct/o

Answer 31

night

Question 32

nocturia

Answer 32

excessive urination @ night

Question 33

olig/o

Answer 33

scanty

Question 34

oliguria

Answer 34

scanty urination

Question 35

py/o

Answer 35

pus

Question 36

pyuria

Answer 36

puss in urine

Question 37

ur/o

Answer 37

urine (urea)

Question 38

enuresis

Answer 38

bed-wetting

Question 39

diuresis

Answer 39

increased production of urine

Question 40

4 tests included in a urinalysis:

Answer 40

1. Color 2. Appearance - urine should be clear. Cloudy or turbid urine indicates a UTI with pus and bacteria 3. Protein 4. pH - reveals the chemical nature of urine

Question 41

glomerulonephritis

Answer 41

Inflammation of the glomeruli within the kidney

Question 42

nephrolithiasis

Answer 42

kidney stones

Question 43

renal failure

Answer 43

kidney decreases excretion of wastes as a result of impaired filtration function

Question 44

Wilms tumor

Answer 44

Malignant tumor of the kidney occurring in childhood

Question 45

diabetes mellitus

Answer 45

insulin is not secreted adequately or not used properly in the body

Question 46

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

Answer 46

measurement of urea levels in blood

Question 47

kidneys, ureters, and bladder (KUB)

Answer 47

x-ray examination of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.

Question 48

retrograde pyelogram (RP)

Answer 48

x-ray imaging of the renal pelvis and ureters after injection of contrast through a urinary catheter into ureters from the bladder

Question 49

cystoscopy

Answer 49

direct visualization of the urethra and urinary bladder with an endoscope (cytoscope)

Question 50

dialysis

Answer 50

process of separating nitrogenous waste materials from the blood

Question 51

Hemodialysis (HD)

Answer 51

uses an artificial kidney machine that receives waste - filled blood from the patient's bloodstream, filters it, and returns the dialyzed blood to the patients body

Question 52

lithotripsy

Answer 52

urinary tract stones are crushed

Question 53

BUN

Answer 53

blood urea nitrogen

Question 54

HD

Answer 54

hemodialysis

Question 55

K+

Answer 55

potassium - an electrolyte

Question 56

KUB

Answer 56

kidney, ureter, and bladder

Question 57

Na+

Answer 57

sodium - an electrolyte

Question 58

RP

Answer 58

retrograde pyelogram