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Med Term chapter 3 & 4 > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

waste products (examples)

A

urea, creatinine, and uric acid

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2
Q

waste products are released where?

A

the bloodstream

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3
Q

renin

A

raises blood pressure

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4
Q

Erythropoietin

A

a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow

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5
Q

glomeruli

A

mass of tiny, coiled, and intertwined smaller blood vessels

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6
Q

the kidneys produce urine by…

A

filtration

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7
Q

renal tube

A

a twisted tube attached to each glomerular capsule

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8
Q

reabsorbtion

A

ensures that the body retains essential substances such as sugar, water, and salts

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9
Q

urine

A

95% water and 5% urea, creatinine, salts, acids, and drugs

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10
Q

cortex

A

outer region of an organ

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11
Q

cortical

A

pertaining to the cortex

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12
Q

electrolyte

A

Chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water. Electrolytes are necessary for functioning of muscles and nerves. The kidneys maintain the proper balance of electrolytes and water in the blood. Potassium (K+) and sodium (Na+) are electrolytes.

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13
Q

erythropoietin (EPO)

A

hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the production of red blood cells by bone marrow

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14
Q

-poietin

A

a substance that forms

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15
Q

filtration

A

process whereby some substances, but not all, pass through a filter.

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16
Q

FUN FACT

A

About 180 quarts of fluid are filtered from the blood

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17
Q

glomerulus

A

tiny ball of capillaries in the kidney

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18
Q

ureter

A

one of the two tubes leading from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

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19
Q

urethra

A

tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

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20
Q

urination

A

voiding

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21
Q

cyst/o

A

urinary bladder

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22
Q

cystitis

A

inflammation of the urinary bladder

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23
Q

glomerul/o

A

glomerulus

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24
Q

nephr/o

A

kidney

25
Q

nephropathy

A

disease of the kidney

26
Q

hydronephrosis

A

water inside the kidney

27
Q

albumin/o

A

albumin (a protein in the blood)

28
Q

albuminuria

A

protein in urine

29
Q

bacteri/o

A

bacteria

30
Q

bacteriuria

A

bacteria in urine

31
Q

noct/o

A

night

32
Q

nocturia

A

excessive urination @ night

33
Q

olig/o

A

scanty

34
Q

oliguria

A

scanty urination

35
Q

py/o

A

pus

36
Q

pyuria

A

puss in urine

37
Q

ur/o

A

urine (urea)

38
Q

enuresis

A

bed-wetting

39
Q

diuresis

A

increased production of urine

40
Q

4 tests included in a urinalysis:

A
  1. Color
  2. Appearance - urine should be clear. Cloudy or turbid urine indicates a UTI with pus and bacteria
  3. Protein
  4. pH - reveals the chemical nature of urine
41
Q

glomerulonephritis

A

Inflammation of the glomeruli within the kidney

42
Q

nephrolithiasis

A

kidney stones

43
Q

renal failure

A

kidney decreases excretion of wastes as a result of impaired filtration function

44
Q

Wilms tumor

A

Malignant tumor of the kidney occurring in childhood

45
Q

diabetes mellitus

A

insulin is not secreted adequately or not used properly in the body

46
Q

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

A

measurement of urea levels in blood

47
Q

kidneys, ureters, and bladder (KUB)

A

x-ray examination of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.

48
Q

retrograde pyelogram (RP)

A

x-ray imaging of the renal pelvis and ureters after injection of contrast through a urinary catheter into ureters from the bladder

49
Q

cystoscopy

A

direct visualization of the urethra and urinary bladder with an endoscope (cytoscope)

50
Q

dialysis

A

process of separating nitrogenous waste materials from the blood

51
Q

Hemodialysis (HD)

A

uses an artificial kidney machine that receives waste - filled blood from the patient’s bloodstream, filters it, and returns the dialyzed blood to the patients body

52
Q

lithotripsy

A

urinary tract stones are crushed

53
Q

BUN

A

blood urea nitrogen

54
Q

HD

A

hemodialysis

55
Q

K+

A

potassium - an electrolyte

56
Q

KUB

A

kidney, ureter, and bladder

57
Q

Na+

A

sodium - an electrolyte

58
Q

RP

A

retrograde pyelogram

Med Term chapter 3 & 4 (5 decks)

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