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Med Term chapter 3 & 4 > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

4 functions of the system

A

ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination

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2
Q

absorption

A

digested food passes through the lining cells or epithelium of the small intestine and into the bloodstream.

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3
Q

mastication

A

chewing

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4
Q

deglutition

A

swallowing

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5
Q

esophagus

A

9-10 inch muscular tube extending from the pharynx to the stomach.

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6
Q

Peristalisis

A

involuntary, progressive, rhythmic contraction of muscles in the wall of the esophagus propelling a bolus (mass of food) down toward the stomach

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7
Q

sphincters

A

control the openings into and leading out of the stomach.

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8
Q

bolus

A

mass of food

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9
Q

diarrhea

A

results from reduced water absorption into the bloodstream through the walls of the large intestine.

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10
Q

jaundice (hyperbilirubinemia)

A

yellow discoloration of the skin, whites of the eyes, and mucous membranes.

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11
Q

duodenum

A

first part of small intestine; receives a mixture of bile and pancreas juices

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12
Q

Functions of liver (4)

A
  1. maintains normal blood glucose levels. 2. Manufacturing blood proteins, those necessary for bloodclotting. 3. Release bilirubin, a pigment in bile. 4. Removing poisons from the blood.
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13
Q

appendix

A

blind pouch hanging from the cecum

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14
Q

bile

A

digestive juice made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder.

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15
Q

gallbladder

A

small sac under the liver; stores bile

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16
Q

pancreas

A

organ under the stomach; produces insulin and enzymes

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17
Q

pyloric sphincter

A

ring of muscle at the end of the stomach, near the duodenum

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18
Q

cholecyst/o

A

gallbladder

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19
Q

col/o

A

colon, large intestine

20
Q

dent/i

A

tooth

21
Q

enter/o

A

intestines

22
Q

lingu/o

A

tongue

23
Q

chol/e

A

gall, bile

24
Q

-iasis

A

abnormal condition

25
Q

-prandial

A

meal

26
Q

anorexia

A

lack of appetite

27
Q

ascites

A

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen

28
Q

eructation

A

gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth

29
Q

Causes of jaundice (3)

A
  1. excessive destruction of erythrocytes causes excess bilirubin in the blood; 2. Malfunction of liver cells due to liver disease prevents the liver from excreting bilirubin with bile; 3. Obstruction of bile flow.
30
Q

melena

A

black, tarry stools; feces containing digested blood

31
Q

esophageal varices

A

swollen, varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus

32
Q

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

A

solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach

33
Q

Heartburn

A

the burning sensation caused by regurgitating of hydrochloric acid from the stomach to the esophagus

34
Q

hernia

A

protrusion of an organ or part through the muscle normally containing it.

35
Q

hiatal hernia

A

occurs when the upper part of the stomach protrudes upward through the diaphragm (this condition can lead to GERD)

36
Q

inguinal hernia

A

occurs when a small loop of bowel protrudes through a weak lower abdominal muscle

37
Q

Crohn disease (Crohn’s)

A

chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract

38
Q

diverticulosis

A

abnormal outpouchings in the intestinal wall

39
Q

dysentery

A

painful, inflamed intestines commonly caused by bacterial infection

40
Q

ileus

A

loss of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines

41
Q

volvulus

A

twisting of the intestine on itself

42
Q

cirrhosis

A

chronic degenerative disease of the liver

43
Q

viral hepatits

A

inflammation of the liver caused by a virus

44
Q

Hepatitis A

A

caused by hepatitis A virus; spread by contaminated food or water and characterized by slow onset of symptoms

45
Q

Hepatits B

A

caused by hepatitis B virus; transmitted by blood transfusion, sexual contact, or the use of contaminated needles or instruments

46
Q

Hepatitis C

A

caused by hepatits C virus; transmitted by blood transfusions or needle inoculation

Med Term chapter 3 & 4 (5 decks)

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