Chapter 7 Flashcards
Multidimensionality
Refers to the abilities and domains that underlie intelligence
Multidirectionality
Refers to the many possible ways individuals may develop or change their abilities over their lifespan
Plasticity
Refers to the range within which one’s abilities are modifiable
Inter-individual variability
People differ in their intellectual development
Psychometric approach
measures intelligence as a score on a standardized test
Cognitive-structural approach
assess ways in which people conceptualize and solve problems
Parieto-frontal integration theory
propses that intellifence comes a network of neurons in the parietal and frontal areas of the brain
Neural efficiency hypothesis
Proposes that intelligent people process info more efficiently
Cohort differences
Significant differences in intellectual performance with age
Terminal decline
gradual decline in cognitive function that occurs relatively near death
Basic activities of daily living (ADLs)
includes basic self-care tasks (eating, bathing, dressing) frail if help needed for >1
instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs)
Activities that require some intellectual competence (paying bills, taking medications)
Frail older adults
Older adults who have physical disabiliites, are very ill, or have psychological disorders
Project ACTIVE
Invetigated the long-term effectiveness of cognitive training
Adaption
the process of adjusting one’s thinking to the environment
Assimilation
using currently available knowledge to make sense of incoming information
Accommodation
Changing one’s thought to make it a better approximation of the world of experience
organization
Thougth is organized into a coordinated whole and is reflected in cognitive structures that change across the lifespan
Piaget’s Formal operational thought
Abstract thinking is established,
Post-formal thought
understanding multiple perspectives/ambiguity of an issue
Reflective judgement
7 stages that involve how people reason through dilemmas
Pre-reflecetive thought
stages 1-3, knowledge is gained through the word of an authority figure rather than evidence
Quasi-reflective thought
Stages 4-5, recognize that knowledge contains elements of uncertainty
Reflective reasoning
Stages 6-7, recognize that knowledge claims aren’t certain, but judgements can be made based on available data
Prospective meta cognition (PMC) model of wisdom
Balance of viewpoints, humility, multiple perspectives, context adaptability
