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SOCI 102 > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

aboriginal sentencing circle

A

involvement of aboriginal communities in sentencing aboriginal offenders

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2
Q

community based sentencing

A

offenders serve a conditional sentence in the community, usually by performing some sort of community service

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3
Q

compensatory social control

A

a means of social control that obliges an offender to pay a victim to compensate for a harm committed

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4
Q

conciliatory social control

A

a means of social control that reconciles both parts of a dispute and mutually restore harmony to a social relationship that has been damaged

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5
Q

consensus crimes

A

serious acts of deviance about which there is near-unanimous public agreement

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6
Q

conflict crimes

A

acts of deviance that may be illegal but about which there is considerable public disagreement concerning its seriousness

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7
Q

control theory

A

social control is affected by strength of bonds and acts of deviance is a result of a disconnection from society

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8
Q

corporate crime

A

crime committed by white collar employees in a business environment

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9
Q

corrections system

A

a system tasked with supervising people who have been arrested, convicted, or sentenced for criminal offences

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10
Q

court

A

a system that has authority to make decisions based on law

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11
Q

crime

A

violation of norm and law that is punishable through formal sanctions

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12
Q

crimes of accomodation

A

crimes committed as ways in which individuals cope with oppression and inequality

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13
Q

criminal justice system

A

organization that exists to enforce a legal code

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14
Q

cultural deviance

A

theory suggests conformity to cultural norms in a lower class society causes crime

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15
Q

deviance

A

a violation of social/cultural norms

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16
Q

differential association theory

A

theory states that people learn deviant behaviour from those close to them, who provide models and opportunities for deviance

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17
Q

disciplinary social control

A

detailed continuous training, control and observation of people to improve their capabilities

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18
Q

doubly deviant

A

women who break both laws and gender norms

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19
Q

examination

A

tests by authorities to assess and know people

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20
Q

folkways

A

norms based on everyday cultural customs like etiquette

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21
Q

formal sanctions

A

sanctions officially recognized and enforced

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22
Q

government

A

practices by which people or organizations seek to govern the behaviour of others

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23
Q

hate crimes

A

attacks based on a person’s race, religion, or etc

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24
Q

informal sanctions

A

occur face to face interactions

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25
Q

labelling theory

A

ascribing of deviant behaviour to another person by members of society

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26
Q

law

A

norms that are specified in explicit codes and enforced by government bodies

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27
Q

legal codes

A

codes that maintain formal social control through laws

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28
Q

master status

A

a label that describes the chief characteristic of a person

29
Q

moral entrepreneur

A

a person or group that publicizes and problematizes wrongdoing and has power to create and enforce rules to penalize wrongdoing

30
Q

moral panic

A

expanding cycle of deviance, media generated public fears, police repression

31
Q

mores

A

serious moral injunctions or taboos that are broadly recognized in society

32
Q

negative sanctions

A

punishments for violating norms

33
Q

new penology

A

strategies of social control that group offenders by the degree of risk they represent to the general public

34
Q

nonviolent

A

crimes that involve the destruction or theft of property, but do not use force or threat of force

35
Q

normalization

A

process by which norms are used to differentiate, rank and correct people’s behaviour

36
Q

overrepresentation

A

difference between the proportion of identifiable group in a specific institution and their proportion in the general population

37
Q

panopticon

A

Bentham’s seeing machine that became the model for the ideal prison

38
Q

penal social control

A

a means of social control that prohibits certain social behaviours and responds to violations with punishments

39
Q

a penal welfare complex

A

network of institutions that create and exclude inter-generational criminalized populations on a semi-permanent basis

40
Q

police

A

a civil force in charge of regulating laws and public order at a federal, state, or community level

41
Q

positive sanctions

A

rewards for conforming to norms

42
Q

power elite

A

wealthy influential people at the top of society who hold power and resources

43
Q

primary deviance

A

violation of norms that does not result in long term effects on person’s self image and interactions

44
Q

psychopathy

A

a personality disorder characterized by anti-social behaviour, diminished empathy, and lack of inhibitions

45
Q

racial profiling

A

the singling out of a particular racial group for extra policing

46
Q

recidivism

A

the likelihood of a person getting arrested again after initial arrest

47
Q

restorative justice conferencing

A

focuses on establishing a direct, face to face connection between. the offender and the victim

48
Q

sanctions

A

means of enforcing rules

49
Q

secondary deviance

A

a change in a person’s self concept and behaviour after their actions are labelled as deviant by society

50
Q

secondary victimization

A

after initial victimization, second is incurred through criminal justice processes

51
Q

self report study

A

collection of data acquired using voluntary response methods

52
Q

situational crime control

A

strategies of social control that redesign spaces where crimes could occur to minimize the risk of crimes occurring there

53
Q

social control

A

regulation and enforcement of norms

54
Q

social deviations

A

deviant acts that are not illegal but harmful

55
Q

social disorganization theory

A

crime occurs in communities with weak social ties and absence of social control

56
Q

social diversions

A

deviant acts are illegal but harmless

57
Q

social order

A

an arrangement of practices and behaviours on which society based their daily lives

58
Q

sociopathy

A

personality disorder characterized by anti-social behaviour, diminished empathy, lack of inhibitions

59
Q

strain theory

A

relationship between socially acceptable goals and having socially acceptable means to achieve them

60
Q

street crime

A

crime committed by average people against other people, in public

61
Q

surveillance

A

way to make lives and activities of individuals visible to authorities

62
Q

therapeutic social control

A

social control that uses therapy to return people back to normal state

63
Q

traditional aboriginal justice

A

centred on healing and building community rather retribution

64
Q

twin myth of rape

A

women life about sexual assault out of malice toward men, and women will say no to sexual relation when they mean yes

65
Q

victimless crime

A

activities against the law that do not result in injury to person or others

66
Q

violent crimes

A

base don use of force or threat of force

67
Q

white collar crimes

A

crimes committed by high status or privileged people

68
Q

zones of transition

A

areas within city characterized by high levels of migration, social diversity, and social change

SOCI 102 (8 decks)

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