Chapter 7 Flashcards
Deviance
when a norm is violated and society defines the violation as deviant
Law
a rule enforced by government bodies
Crime
deviance that is against the law
Informal punishment
reminders, disapproval, or mild punishments for violating unwritten agreements in society
-imposed during face-to-face interaction
Formal punishment
formally imposed when a judicial system penalizes someone for breaking a law
Stigmatization
social disapproval of a person/group due to a difference in characteristics
Intersectionality
interaction between gender, race, class, and sexuality
Labelling Theory
how society stereotypes particular groups and how these labels influence sense of identity
Economic need
motivation for crime for those who
occupy low-class positions
Economic greed
motivation for crime for those who occupy privileged positions
Strain theory
people turn to deviance when they experience strain
Subculture
a set of distinct values, norms, and practices within a larger culture
Social diversions
minor acts of deviance perceived as relatively harmless
Social deviations
non-criminal departures from norms that generate negative reactions
Conflict crimes
illegal acts that people consider harmful to society
Consensus crimes
most serious acts of deviance where there is unanimous public agreement
Street crimes
includes arson, break and enter, assault
-committed by lower classes
-more detectable
White-collar crimes
includes embezzlement, fraud, false advertising
-committed by higher class
Victimless crimes
crimes where no victim steps forward or is identified
Recidivism rate
the rate at which people return to prison following release
Victimization surveys
asks people whether they have been victims of crimes
Criminalization
the act of making something illegal or treating someone as a criminal
Restorative justice
addresses harm caused by crime and holds the offender responsible
External social control
regulates people through rules by imposing punishments and offering rewards
Internal social control
regulates people through socialization to control their sense of right and wrong
-decreases likelihood of deviation
Panopticon
a prison design that allows inmates to be constantly observed without their knowledge
Moral panic
an over-response when people believe deviance poses a threat to society’s well-being
