Chapter 7 Flashcards
What is food?
Things we eat
Why do we need food?
To obtain energy
What are nutrients?
Substances found in food, needed to stay healthy and grow
What energy is food?
Chemical energy that is transferred when eaten
What 6 nutrients that we need on a daily basis?
Carbs, fats, protein, vitamins, minerals, water
What is difference between carbs and fats? Energy wise
Carbs are short term energy stores. Fats are long term energy stores.
What carbs help in?
Provide energy using starch
What carbs help in?
Provide energy using starch
Explain starch?
When starch is broken down it is glucose. Glucose is fuel needed for respiration
What is respiration?
Process of releasing energy
What do fats help in?
Give energy and make cell membrane
Difference between oil and fat
Oil is liquid. Fat is solid
Why are obese ppl always warm?
Fat is stored under the skin and around some organs. This causes heat insulation
What do proteins help in?
• Make new cells and repair them.
• make haemoglobin and antibodies
• provide energy if there’s lack of fat and carbs
What is haemoglobin?
Pigment in red blood cells that transports oxygen
Do we need large amounts of vitamins?
No
What does vitamin A help in? What is an example of vitamin A source?
•fights pathogens
•improves eyesight
Source==> carrots
What does vitamin C help in? What is a source for it?
•helps repair skin faster
•improves skin, blood, blood vessels
Sources==> oranges and lemons
What does vitamin C help in? What is a source for it?
•helps repair skin faster
•improves skin, blood, blood vessels
Sources==> lemon
Lack of vitamin C causes?
Scurvy
What does vitamin D help in? Source?
• absorbing calcium better so strong bones and teeth
Source==> oily fish and sun
What does lack of vitamin D cause?
Rickets(lag in growth)
What are 2 main minerals?
Calcium and iron
Calcium helps in? Source?
Strong bones and teeth
Source==> almond, milk, nuts
What iron helps in?
Making haemoglobin
Lack of iron is?
Anemia
Water helps in? Explain further.
Blood==> blood flows easily and transport substances
Cells==> break down substances in chemical reactions
Our body weight is _% water.
60%
What is diet
Things you eat every day
What’s a balanced diet?
Diet that contains all types of nutrients and the right amount of energy
What happens if someone has an unbalanced diet?
Obesity or malnutrition
What are factors affecting energy levels
Age, gender, height and exercise
What are energy levels measured in
Megajoules
What nutrients do young people need? Why?
Protein(make cells), fat(make cell membrane), and carbs(energy)
What do pregnant ppl need?
Protein(new cells), iron(haemoglobin), and calcium(strong bones)
What happens when u eat too much sugar?
Teeth decay and increased risk of diabetes
What happens when u eat too much fats?
Overweight and puts strain on joints and some organs
What happens when u eat too much fat from animals
Heart disease
How is fibre excreted?
As faeces
What is dietary fibre?
Plant material that can’t be digested by human body
What does fibre help in?
- Prevent constipation
- Healthy digestive system
What does dietary fibre contain?
Cellulose (found in cell wall/plants)
What is constipation
Condition where faeces isn’t passed or regularly due to slow digestive system
What is growth?
Getting bigger
How do cells increase in amount? Is this growth or development?
~single cell, divides, gets bigger, divides. This is growth
What nutrients do we need for cells to increasein amount?
Protein and energy
What is fertilisation?
When egg cell combines with sperms cell
What is an example of growth?
A fertilised cell turning to embryo
What is development?
Gradual change in body as u grow up
What does excercise help in?
Using energy instead of it being stored and stronger heart/muscles
What are the 4 toxic substances in cigarettes
Tar, nicotine, carbon monoxide, particulates
What disease does tar cause
Cancer
What is tar
Dark, sticky substance
What is cancer
Cells dividing and spreading out of control
What substance in cigarettes makes them addictive?
Nicotine
What does nicotine do to the body?
Makes blood vessels narrower and more likely to get het heart disease
What is carbon monoxide?
Poisonous gas
What does carbon monoxide do to the body?
Haemoglobin carries this instead of oxygen so there’s not enough energy or oxygen in body
What do particulates do to the body
Breaks down alveoli so less oxygen in the body
What does tobacco smoke do to the body?
- Reduced lung function
- Irritation of trachea and larynx
3.breathlessness
What is skeleton importance
- Protect organs
- Supports body
- Helps body move
What nutrients that skeletons need and why?
Protein for strength and calcium for proper growth
What are skeletons outside of body called?
Exoskeleton
What are joints?
Part of body where 2 or more bones meet to allow movement
What are the 2 types of joints and how do they move?
Hinge joint: moves back and forth in 1 direction
Ball and socket joint: joints that move in a complete circle
What are examples of hinge and ball-socket joints?
Hinge : elbows, joints in finger and many wrist joints
Ball-socket joint: shoulders and hips
What 2 motions can muscles do?
Contract or relax
When do muscles generate force
When contracting
What happens when muscles contract (energy wise)
More energy is needed so more glucose is used
What is muscle contraction
Cells making themselves shorter
How do we bend our elbows?
- Brain sends electrical impulse along a neurone
- Biceps contract and put the tendons
- As the tendons are attached to the scapula and radius, they pull the bone, making it move at the joint
What are tendons?
Tough cords attached to bones and muscles
~tendons and muscles pull only
What bones are biceps attached to
Scapula and radius
What bones are triceps attached to?
Scapula, humerus and ulna
What bones are triceps attached to?
Scapula, humerus and ulna
