Chapter 7

Question 1

What is food?

Answer 1

Things we eat

Question 2

Why do we need food?

Answer 2

To obtain energy

Question 3

What are nutrients?

Answer 3

Substances found in food, needed to stay healthy and grow

Question 4

What energy is food?

Answer 4

Chemical energy that is transferred when eaten

Question 5

What 6 nutrients that we need on a daily basis?

Answer 5

Carbs, fats, protein, vitamins, minerals, water

Question 6

What is difference between carbs and fats? Energy wise

Answer 6

Carbs are short term energy stores. Fats are long term energy stores.

Question 7

What carbs help in?

Answer 7

Provide energy using starch

Question 8

What carbs help in?

Answer 8

Provide energy using starch

Question 9

Explain starch?

Answer 9

When starch is broken down it is glucose. Glucose is fuel needed for respiration

Question 10

What is respiration?

Answer 10

Process of releasing energy

Question 11

What do fats help in?

Answer 11

Give energy and make cell membrane

Question 12

Difference between oil and fat

Answer 12

Oil is liquid. Fat is solid

Question 13

Why are obese ppl always warm?

Answer 13

Fat is stored under the skin and around some organs. This causes heat insulation

Question 14

What do proteins help in?

Answer 14

• Make new cells and repair them.
• make haemoglobin and antibodies
• provide energy if there’s lack of fat and carbs

Question 15

What is haemoglobin?

Answer 15

Pigment in red blood cells that transports oxygen

Question 16

Do we need large amounts of vitamins?

Answer 16

No

Question 17

What does vitamin A help in? What is an example of vitamin A source?

Answer 17

•fights pathogens
•improves eyesight
Source==> carrots

Question 18

What does vitamin C help in? What is a source for it?

Answer 18

•helps repair skin faster
•improves skin, blood, blood vessels
Sources==> oranges and lemons

Question 19

What does vitamin C help in? What is a source for it?

Answer 19

•helps repair skin faster
•improves skin, blood, blood vessels
Sources==> lemon

Question 20

Lack of vitamin C causes?

Answer 20

Scurvy

Question 21

What does vitamin D help in? Source?

Answer 21

• absorbing calcium better so strong bones and teeth
Source==> oily fish and sun

Question 22

What does lack of vitamin D cause?

Answer 22

Rickets(lag in growth)

Question 23

What are 2 main minerals?

Answer 23

Calcium and iron

Question 24

Calcium helps in? Source?

Answer 24

Strong bones and teeth
Source==> almond, milk, nuts

Question 25

What iron helps in?

Answer 25

Making haemoglobin

Question 26

Lack of iron is?

Answer 26

Anemia

Question 27

Water helps in? Explain further.

Answer 27

Blood==> blood flows easily and transport substances Cells==> break down substances in chemical reactions

Question 28

Our body weight is _% water.

Answer 28

60%

Question 29

What is diet

Answer 29

Things you eat every day

Question 30

What's a balanced diet?

Answer 30

Diet that contains all types of nutrients and the right amount of energy

Question 31

What happens if someone has an unbalanced diet?

Answer 31

Obesity or malnutrition

Question 32

What are factors affecting energy levels

Answer 32

Age, gender, height and exercise

Question 33

What are energy levels measured in

Answer 33

Megajoules

Question 34

What nutrients do young people need? Why?

Answer 34

Protein(make cells), fat(make cell membrane), and carbs(energy)

Question 35

What do pregnant ppl need?

Answer 35

Protein(new cells), iron(haemoglobin), and calcium(strong bones)

Question 36

What happens when u eat too much sugar?

Answer 36

Teeth decay and increased risk of diabetes

Question 37

What happens when u eat too much fats?

Answer 37

Overweight and puts strain on joints and some organs

Question 38

What happens when u eat too much fat from animals

Answer 38

Heart disease

Question 39

How is fibre excreted?

Answer 39

As faeces

Question 40

What is dietary fibre?

Answer 40

Plant material that can't be digested by human body

Question 41

What does fibre help in?

Answer 41

1. Prevent constipation 2. Healthy digestive system

Question 42

What does dietary fibre contain?

Answer 42

Cellulose (found in cell wall/plants)

Question 43

What is constipation

Answer 43

Condition where faeces isn't passed or regularly due to slow digestive system

Question 44

What is growth?

Answer 44

Getting bigger

Question 45

How do cells increase in amount? Is this growth or development?

Answer 45

~single cell, divides, gets bigger, divides. This is growth

Question 46

What nutrients do we need for cells to increasein amount?

Answer 46

Protein and energy

Question 47

What is fertilisation?

Answer 47

When egg cell combines with sperms cell

Question 48

What is an example of growth?

Answer 48

A fertilised cell turning to embryo

Question 49

What is development?

Answer 49

Gradual change in body as u grow up

Question 50

What does excercise help in?

Answer 50

Using energy instead of it being stored and stronger heart/muscles

Question 51

What are the 4 toxic substances in cigarettes

Answer 51

Tar, nicotine, carbon monoxide, particulates

Question 52

What disease does tar cause

Answer 52

Cancer

Question 53

What is tar

Answer 53

Dark, sticky substance

Question 54

What is cancer

Answer 54

Cells dividing and spreading out of control

Question 55

What substance in cigarettes makes them addictive?

Answer 55

Nicotine

Question 56

What does nicotine do to the body?

Answer 56

Makes blood vessels narrower and more likely to get het heart disease

Question 57

What is carbon monoxide?

Answer 57

Poisonous gas

Question 58

What does carbon monoxide do to the body?

Answer 58

Haemoglobin carries this instead of oxygen so there's not enough energy or oxygen in body

Question 59

What do particulates do to the body

Answer 59

Breaks down alveoli so less oxygen in the body

Question 60

What does tobacco smoke do to the body?

Answer 60

1. Reduced lung function 2. Irritation of trachea and larynx 3.breathlessness

Question 61

What is skeleton importance

Answer 61

1. Protect organs 2. Supports body 3. Helps body move

Question 62

What nutrients that skeletons need and why?

Answer 62

Protein for strength and calcium for proper growth

Question 63

What are skeletons outside of body called?

Answer 63

Exoskeleton

Question 64

What are joints?

Answer 64

Part of body where 2 or more bones meet to allow movement

Question 65

What are the 2 types of joints and how do they move?

Answer 65

Hinge joint: moves back and forth in 1 direction Ball and socket joint: joints that move in a complete circle

Question 66

What are examples of hinge and ball-socket joints?

Answer 66

Hinge : elbows, joints in finger and many wrist joints Ball-socket joint: shoulders and hips

Question 67

What 2 motions can muscles do?

Answer 67

Contract or relax

Question 68

When do muscles generate force

Answer 68

When contracting

Question 69

What happens when muscles contract (energy wise)

Answer 69

More energy is needed so more glucose is used

Question 70

What is muscle contraction

Answer 70

Cells making themselves shorter

Question 71

How do we bend our elbows?

Answer 71

1. Brain sends electrical impulse along a neurone 2. Biceps contract and put the tendons 3. As the tendons are attached to the scapula and radius, they pull the bone, making it move at the joint

Question 72

What are tendons?

Answer 72

Tough cords attached to bones and muscles ~tendons and muscles pull only

Question 73

What bones are biceps attached to

Answer 73

Scapula and radius

Question 74

What bones are triceps attached to?

Answer 74

Scapula, humerus and ulna

Question 75

What bones are triceps attached to?

Answer 75

Scapula, humerus and ulna