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Science Book 8 > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is matter made of?

A

Mass and volume

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2
Q

What are the 3 components in atoms?

A

Neutron, proton, electron

They’re called subatomic particles.

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3
Q

What are the components of the nucleus?

A

Neutron and proton

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4
Q

What are the charges of subatomic particles?

A

Proton is positively charged, neutron is neutral, electron is negatively charged.

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5
Q

Who are the scientists who worked on the atom model?

A

The scientists who worked on the atom model are J.J. Thompson, Rutherford, and Chadwick.

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6
Q

What is the atom’s total charge?

A

The atom has a neutral charge because protons and electrons cancel each other out.

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7
Q

What is the mass of each of the subatomic particles?

A

Protons and neutrons have equal mass, while electrons have nearly no mass.

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8
Q

What is the electrons’ orbit called and what shape is it?

A

circular electron shells.

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9
Q

What is a pure substance?

A

A substance containing only 1 type of atom or compound with no impurities.

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10
Q

When did J.J. Thompson discover his diagram?

A

Late 1890s.

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11
Q

What diagram did J.J. Thompson provide?

A

A positively charged atom with scattered electrons.

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12
Q

What is Chadwick’s diagram and when did he discover it?

A

An empty spaced atom with scattered electrons and a nucleus containing neutrons and protons.

Discovered in 1932.

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13
Q

What diagram did Rutherford create?

A

An empty spaced atom with scattered electrons and protons in the center.

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14
Q

What are the main elements that give diamonds different colors?

A

Blue is boron, yellow is nitrogen, green is hydrogen, nitrogen, and nickel.

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15
Q

What is the purest type of silver?

A

100 parts of silver.

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16
Q

What is an example of an alloy of gold?

A

18 carat gold.

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17
Q

What do people do to remove salts from sea water?

A

A process called distillation.

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18
Q

What element are colorless, translucent diamonds made from?

A

Pure carbon.

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19
Q

What is the purest type of gold?

A

24 carat gold.

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20
Q

What is the study of climate?

A

Climatology

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21
Q

What is climate?

A

Average atmospheric conditions in a specific area

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22
Q

What is humidity?

A

Amount of water vapour in the atmosphere

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23
Q

What is the study of weather called?

A

Meteorology

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24
Q

What is weather?

A

Day to day change in the atmosphere

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25
Q

How many ice ages have there been?

A

Five

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26
Q

What are the 2 types of periods?

A

Glacial and interglacial.

Glacial period is when there’s colder temperatures and glaciers advance. Interglacial period is the interval between glacial periods with warmer temperatures.

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27
Q

What are 4 signs that the earth was cold before?

A
  1. Boulders
  2. Ice cores
  3. Peat forms
  4. Yuka
28
Q

Do ice sheets melt?

A

Nope

29
Q

What is an ice sheet?

A

A layer of ice covering a large area of land for a long period of time.

30
Q

What is peat?

A

Peat is dead plant material that has not fully decayed due to anaerobic conditions.

31
Q

Why are boulders placed in strange places?

A

They were moved to that place by ancient glaciers that melted.

32
Q

How do scientists use ice cores?

A

They drill ice cores from the earth and examine air bubbles trapped in ice cores because the air trapped inside them is from past atmospheres.

33
Q

What are glaciers?

A

Glaciers are rivers of ice moving slowly.

34
Q

Who is Yuka?

A

Yuka is a dead/frozen mammoth.

35
Q

How is CO₂ often described in an analogy?

A

As a blanket that covers the Earth.

36
Q

What’s a shell’s chemical formula

A

Calcium carbonate

37
Q

How did earth’s crust from?

A

The earth was hot/molten then cooled

38
Q

Why was the earth’s climate warm back then?

A

Due to the air from volcanoes

39
Q

How did lakes and oceans form?

A

Air from volcanoes condensed

40
Q

What amount of air in early atmosphere compared to today’s atmosphere? Include: water vapour-oxygen-co2- traces of…

A

Early atmosphere: 4% water vapour, 95% co2, traces of oxygen,nitrogen and ammonia
Today’s atmosphere: 21% oxygen, 0.04% co2, 78% nitrogen, traces of methane, ammonia and water vapour

41
Q

What are 2 greenhouse gases

A

Water vapour and carbon dioxide

42
Q

How did co2 decrease? (2 reasons)

A
  1. Microorganisms use carbon dioxide to live and give out oxygen as waste product
  2. Plants make photosynthesis
43
Q

What’s the photosynthesis formula

A

Light+water+ co2==> glucose + oxygen

44
Q

What planet is Like earth’s early atmosphere

A

Venus

45
Q

How is carbon stored when organisms don’t decompose?

A

The carbon in their body is locked up as fossil fuels.

46
Q

What happens to the shells of sea creatures when they die?

A

Their shells fall to the bottom of the sea and turn to carbon stored limestone.

47
Q

What are the causes of increasing CO2 levels?

A
  1. Deforestation
  2. Burning fossil fuels
  3. Using limestone to make cement
  4. Decomposers decompose dead organisms.
48
Q

What is atmosphere?

A

Layer of air covering a celestial body

49
Q

Things we can do to decrease co2 rate?

A
  1. Use renewable resources like wind, tidal, solar
  2. Using bioplastics
50
Q

What are bioplastics?

A

Material made from renewable resources

51
Q

What is the meaning of renewable resources?

A

Doesn’t deplete or can be reuesed after a short time

52
Q

What is the con of tidal energy?

A

Hurts wildlife animals

53
Q

What is global warming?

A

Decrease of amount of heat escaping earth’s atmosphere

54
Q

What are emmisions

A

Gases produced

55
Q

How we know oxygen increased?

A

Presence of iron oxide in rocks

56
Q

Why di scientists take careful measurements of the weather?

A

There are many atmospheric conditions that affect weather

57
Q

What’s an alloy

A

Mixture of metals

58
Q

Rarest diamond color?

A

Green

59
Q

Anitehr word for drinkable water

A

Potable

60
Q

What is electrostatic attraction

A

What hold individual atoms together

61
Q

How did Rutherford discover protons

A

Used alpha particles on gold foil

62
Q

What is nickname for Thompson’s model?

A

Plum pudding model

63
Q

Is the oldest peat from the top or the bottom of the bog?

A

The oldest peat is from the bottom of the bog.

64
Q

What will scientists study in the core of peat? Why?

A

Scientists will study the pollen found in the core. To determine past climate

65
Q

What are carbonates

A

Objects that contain carbon

Science Book 8 (4 decks)

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