Chapter 5 Flashcards
What is matter made of?
Mass and volume
What are the 3 components in atoms?
Neutron, proton, electron
They’re called subatomic particles.
What are the components of the nucleus?
Neutron and proton
What are the charges of subatomic particles?
Proton is positively charged, neutron is neutral, electron is negatively charged.
Who are the scientists who worked on the atom model?
The scientists who worked on the atom model are J.J. Thompson, Rutherford, and Chadwick.
What is the atom’s total charge?
The atom has a neutral charge because protons and electrons cancel each other out.
What is the mass of each of the subatomic particles?
Protons and neutrons have equal mass, while electrons have nearly no mass.
What is the electrons’ orbit called and what shape is it?
circular electron shells.
What is a pure substance?
A substance containing only 1 type of atom or compound with no impurities.
When did J.J. Thompson discover his diagram?
Late 1890s.
What diagram did J.J. Thompson provide?
A positively charged atom with scattered electrons.
What is Chadwick’s diagram and when did he discover it?
An empty spaced atom with scattered electrons and a nucleus containing neutrons and protons.
Discovered in 1932.
What diagram did Rutherford create?
An empty spaced atom with scattered electrons and protons in the center.
What are the main elements that give diamonds different colors?
Blue is boron, yellow is nitrogen, green is hydrogen, nitrogen, and nickel.
What is the purest type of silver?
100 parts of silver.
What is an example of an alloy of gold?
18 carat gold.
What do people do to remove salts from sea water?
A process called distillation.
What element are colorless, translucent diamonds made from?
Pure carbon.
What is the purest type of gold?
24 carat gold.
What is the study of climate?
Climatology
What is climate?
Average atmospheric conditions in a specific area
What is humidity?
Amount of water vapour in the atmosphere
What is the study of weather called?
Meteorology
What is weather?
Day to day change in the atmosphere
How many ice ages have there been?
Five
What are the 2 types of periods?
Glacial and interglacial.
Glacial period is when there’s colder temperatures and glaciers advance. Interglacial period is the interval between glacial periods with warmer temperatures.
What are 4 signs that the earth was cold before?
- Boulders
- Ice cores
- Peat forms
- Yuka
Do ice sheets melt?
Nope
What is an ice sheet?
A layer of ice covering a large area of land for a long period of time.
What is peat?
Peat is dead plant material that has not fully decayed due to anaerobic conditions.
Why are boulders placed in strange places?
They were moved to that place by ancient glaciers that melted.
How do scientists use ice cores?
They drill ice cores from the earth and examine air bubbles trapped in ice cores because the air trapped inside them is from past atmospheres.
What are glaciers?
Glaciers are rivers of ice moving slowly.
Who is Yuka?
Yuka is a dead/frozen mammoth.
How is CO₂ often described in an analogy?
As a blanket that covers the Earth.
What’s a shell’s chemical formula
Calcium carbonate
How did earth’s crust from?
The earth was hot/molten then cooled
Why was the earth’s climate warm back then?
Due to the air from volcanoes
How did lakes and oceans form?
Air from volcanoes condensed
What amount of air in early atmosphere compared to today’s atmosphere? Include: water vapour-oxygen-co2- traces of…
Early atmosphere: 4% water vapour, 95% co2, traces of oxygen,nitrogen and ammonia
Today’s atmosphere: 21% oxygen, 0.04% co2, 78% nitrogen, traces of methane, ammonia and water vapour
What are 2 greenhouse gases
Water vapour and carbon dioxide
How did co2 decrease? (2 reasons)
- Microorganisms use carbon dioxide to live and give out oxygen as waste product
- Plants make photosynthesis
What’s the photosynthesis formula
Light+water+ co2==> glucose + oxygen
What planet is Like earth’s early atmosphere
Venus
How is carbon stored when organisms don’t decompose?
The carbon in their body is locked up as fossil fuels.
What happens to the shells of sea creatures when they die?
Their shells fall to the bottom of the sea and turn to carbon stored limestone.
What are the causes of increasing CO2 levels?
- Deforestation
- Burning fossil fuels
- Using limestone to make cement
- Decomposers decompose dead organisms.
What is atmosphere?
Layer of air covering a celestial body
Things we can do to decrease co2 rate?
- Use renewable resources like wind, tidal, solar
- Using bioplastics
What are bioplastics?
Material made from renewable resources
What is the meaning of renewable resources?
Doesn’t deplete or can be reuesed after a short time
What is the con of tidal energy?
Hurts wildlife animals
What is global warming?
Decrease of amount of heat escaping earth’s atmosphere
What are emmisions
Gases produced
How we know oxygen increased?
Presence of iron oxide in rocks
Why di scientists take careful measurements of the weather?
There are many atmospheric conditions that affect weather
What’s an alloy
Mixture of metals
Rarest diamond color?
Green
Anitehr word for drinkable water
Potable
What is electrostatic attraction
What hold individual atoms together
How did Rutherford discover protons
Used alpha particles on gold foil
What is nickname for Thompson’s model?
Plum pudding model
Is the oldest peat from the top or the bottom of the bog?
The oldest peat is from the bottom of the bog.
What will scientists study in the core of peat? Why?
Scientists will study the pollen found in the core. To determine past climate
What are carbonates
Objects that contain carbon
