Chapter 7 Flashcards
Properties of Metals
Metals are shiny and malleable.
Most are solid at room temperature with high melting points.
Exceptions for Metal States
Mercury is liquid at room temperature.
Gallium and Cesium melt just above room temperature.
Ionization Energy of Metals
Metals have low ionization energies.
They tend to form cations easily.
Metal Oxides
Metal oxides form basic ionic solids.
Metal oxide + water → metal hydroxide.
(Na2O + H2O yields 2 NaOH)
Reaction of Metal Oxides with Acids
Metal oxide + acid → salt + water.
Properties of Nonmetals
nonmetals are non-lustrous and poor conductors of heat.
They generally have lower melting points.
Diatomic Nonmetals
Seven diatomic nonmetal elements: H₂, N₂, O₂, F₂, Cl₂, Br₂, and I₂.
Nonmetals in Reactions
Nonmetals tend to gain electrons when reacting with metals.
Metal + nonmetal → salt.
Nonmetal Oxides
Most nonmetal oxides are acidic.
Nonmetal oxide + water → acid.
Reaction of Nonmetal Oxides with Bases
Nonmetal oxide + base → salt + water.
Properties of Metalloids
Metalloids have intermediate properties between metals and nonmetals.
Found in the semiconductor industry.
Alkali Metals (Group 1A) Properties
Soft metals, chemistry dominated by the loss of a single s-electron.
Reactivity increases down the group.
Alkali Metals and Hydrides
Alkali metals react with hydrogen to form hydrides (H⁻) ions.
Alkali Metals and Water
Alkali metal + water → MOH + hydrogen gas (H₂).
Alkali Metals and Oxygen
alkali metals produce different oxides when reacting with oxygen.
Alkali Metals and Flame Colors
Alkali metals emit characteristic colors in high-temperature flames.
