Chapter 4 Flashcards
What are aqueous solutions?
Solutions in which water is the dissolving medium.
What is the component of a solution that is present in the greatest quantity?
The solvent.
What is an electrolyte?
A substance whose aqueous solution contains ions.
What is a nonelectrolyte?
A substance that forms a solution containing no ions.
What are strong electrolytes?
Electrolytes that are present in solution entirely as ions.
What are weak electrolytes?
Electrolytes that are present partly as ions and partly as molecules.
What is solvation?
The interaction of ions with polar solvent molecules that makes the solubility of ionic substances possible.
What is a precipitate?
An insoluble product formed in a precipitation reaction.
What are exchange reactions?
Reactions in which cations and anions appear to exchange partners, also called metathesis reactions.
What is a molecular equation?
A chemical equation that uses complete chemical formulas of all reactants and products.
What is a complete ionic equation?
An equation that shows all dissolved strong electrolytes as their component ions.
What is a net ionic equation?
An equation that omits spectator ions and shows only the ions that undergo a chemical change.
How do acids and bases act as electrolytes?
Acids are proton donors, increasing
H+ concentration, while bases are proton acceptors, increasing
OH− concentration.
What is a neutralization reaction?
A reaction between an acid and a base that produces water and a salt.
What is oxidation?
The loss of electrons by a substance.
What is reduction?
The gain of electrons by a substance.
What are oxidation numbers?
Numbers assigned to atoms in a compound to keep track of electrons during chemical reactions.
What is an activity series?
A list of metals arranged in order of decreasing ease of oxidation
What is molarity?
The number of moles of solute per liter of solution.
What is a titration?
A laboratory technique that combines a solution of known concentration with a solution of unknown concentration to determine the unknown concentration or quantity of solute.
What are the strong bases?
Group 1A metal hydroxides (LiOH, NaOH, KOH, RbOH) and Group 2A (CaOH2, BaOH2, SrOH2)
What are the strong acids?
HCl, HBr, HI, HClO3, HClO4, H2SO4, HNO3
What are strong electrolytes?
soluble ionic compounds are strong electrolytes, molecular compounds that are strong acids are strong electrolytes
