Chapter 7 Flashcards
What is cell theory?
- The theory that cells make up the fundamental structure of all living organisms
- All cells come from preexisting cells
- Cells are the basic unit of life
What are the characteristic of prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
- Prokaryotes- Contains DNA in cytoplasm (no nucleus), simple, small, first
- Eukaryotes- Contains DNA in nucleus, complex, specialized
What structures do all cells have?
Ribosomes, DNA, cell membrane, cytoplasm.
What structures do plant cells have that animal cells do not?
Chloroplasts and the cell wall
What are the main functions of the cell membrane and cell wall?
To support, protect, and shape the cell. (cell membrane regulates what enters and exits the cell)
What does it mean that a cell membrane as a “lipid bilayer”?
Cell membranes are made of lipid bilayers, which give the cell membranes a flexible structure that forms a strong barrier between the cell and its surroundings.
Why are cell membranes described as a “fluid mosaic” of different molecules?
It is made up of many different molecules that all piece together to form the lipid bilayer
What are the two functions of the cytoskeleton?
To support and shape the cell
Solute, Solvent, Solution?
Solute- thing being dissolved
Solvent- thing doing the dissolving
Solution- when a solute is dissolved in a solvent
What is the main difference between diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, and active transport?
Diffusion- the movement of many substances across the cell membrane
Osmosis- Diffusion specified to water
Facilitated diffusion- Aided diffusion (protein channels)
Active transport- the movement of materials against a concentration difference. Uses energy.
Passive- Does not use energy
What is the main difference between diffusion and active transport?
Diffusion- no energy
Active transport- energy
What is equilibrium?
Equilibrium- the point at which the concentration of a substance is equal on both sides of the cell membrane. Movement does not stop when equilibrium is reached.
What is the difference between iso-, hyper- and hypotonic solutions?
Isotonic- the same amount of solute on both sides
Hypertonic- More of a solute on one side
Hypotonic- Less of a solute on one side
ALL TERMS ARE COMPARISONS
What is the difference between phagocytosis and pinocytosis?
Phagocytosis- Engulfment of food
Pinocytosis- Engulfment of water
What is cell specialization?
Different cells have different jobs
What are the 4 levels of organization in multicellular organisms? Simple to complex.
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ system
Which salt solution is more concentrated, Solution A, which contains 18g of salt in 6 L of water, or Solution B, which contains 24g of salt in 12 L of water?
Solution A- it has 3g of salt per liter versus 2g of salt per liter in Solution B.
What would happen to a sample of your red blood cells if they were placed into a hyptonic solution? Explain your prediction.
The hypotonic solution would try to dilute the cell by entering it. The cell would swell and possibly burst.
Would you expect skin cells to contain more or fewer mitochondria than muscle cells?
I would expect skin cells to contain fewer mitochondria than muscle cells because muscles use more energy.
The pancreas, an organ present in certain animals, produces enzymes used elsewhere in the animals’ digestive systems. Which type of cell structure(s) might produce those enzymes? Explain your answer.
I think ribosomes would be the structure that makes these enzymes because that is what ribosomes do- make enzymes.
As waste chemicals build up in a cell, homeostasis is threatened. State how diffusion helps maintain homeostasis.
Diffusion brings in nutrients and takes out waste. Without diffusion, waste would build up in the cells and cause buildup. The cell would die.
In Chapter 2, we learned about four categories of carbon compounds called the “molecules of life”. Explain where some of those compounds are found in a typical cell
Lipids- In the cell membrane
Carbohydrates- In the cell membrane
Nucleic Acid- In the nucleus
Proteins- In the ribosomes
