Chapter 7

Question 1

Total energy conversion rate of a person at rest

Answer 1

Basal metabolic rate

Question 2

Energy in a substance stored in the bonds between atoms and molecules that can be released in a chemical reaction

Answer 2

Chemical energy

Question 3

Rule that the sum of the kinetic energies and potential energies remains constant if only conservative forces act on and within a system

Answer 3

Conservation of mechanical energy

Question 4

Force that does the same work for any given initial and final configuration, regardless of the path followed

Answer 4

Conservative force

Question 5

Measure of the effectiveness of the input of energy to do work; useful energy or work divided by the total input of energy

Answer 5

Efficiency

Question 6

Energy carried by a flow of change

Answer 6

Electrical energy

Question 7

Ability to do work

Answer 7

Energy

Question 8

Oil, natural gas, and coal

Answer 8

Fossil fuels

Question 9

Force between surfaces that opposes one sliding on the other; friction changes mechanical energy into thermal energy

Answer 9

Friction

Question 10

Energy an object has due to its position in a gravitational field

Answer 10

Gravitational potential energy

Question 11

Older non-SI unit of power, with 1 HP = 746 W

Answer 11

Horsepower

Question 12

SI unit of work and energy, equal to one newton-meter

Answer 12

Joule

Question 13

Unit used primarily for electrical energy provided by electric utility companies

Answer 13

Kilowatt-hour

Question 14

Energy an object has by reason of its motion, equal to 1/2 mv² for the translational (i.e., non-rotational) motion of an object of mass m moving at speed v

Answer 14

Kinetic energy

Question 15

General law that total energy is constant in any process; energy may change in form or be transferred from one system to another, but the total remains the same

Answer 15

Law of conservation of energy

Question 16

Sum of kinetic energy and potential energy

Answer 16

Mechanical energy

Question 17

Rate at which the body uses food energy to sustain life and to do different activities

Answer 17

Metabolic rate

Question 18

Work done by the net force, or vector sum of all the forces, acting on an object

Answer 18

Net work

Question 19

Force whose work depends on the path followed between the given initial and final configurations

Answer 19

Nonconservative force

Question 20

Energy released by changes within atomic nuclei, such as the fusion of two light nuclei or the fission of a heavy nucleus

Answer 20

Nuclear energy

Question 21

Energy due to position, shape, or configuration

Answer 21

Potential energy

Question 22

Stored energy of a spring as a function of its displacement; when Hooke’s law applies, it is given by the expression 1/2 kx² when x is the distance the spring is compressed or extended and k is the spring constant

Answer 22

Potential energy of a spring

Question 23

Rate at which work is done

Answer 23

Power

Question 24

Energy carried by electromagnetic waves

Answer 24

Radiant energy

Question 25

Sources that cannot be used up, such as water, wind, solar, and biomass

Answer 25

Renewable forms of energy

Question 26

Energy within an object due to the random motion of its atoms and molecules that accounts for the object’s temperature

Answer 26

Thermal energy

Question 27

Work done on an external system

Answer 27

Useful work

Question 28

SI unit of power, with 1 W = 1 J/s

Answer 28

Watt

Question 29

Transfer of energy by a force that causes an object to be displaced; the product of the component of the force in the direction of the displacement and the magnitude of the displacement

Answer 29

Work

Question 30

The result, based on newton’s laws, that the net work done on an object is equal to its change in kinetic energy

Answer 30

Work-energy theorem