Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Total energy conversion rate of a person at rest

A

Basal metabolic rate

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2
Q

Energy in a substance stored in the bonds between atoms and molecules that can be released in a chemical reaction

A

Chemical energy

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3
Q

Rule that the sum of the kinetic energies and potential energies remains constant if only conservative forces act on and within a system

A

Conservation of mechanical energy

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4
Q

Force that does the same work for any given initial and final configuration, regardless of the path followed

A

Conservative force

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5
Q

Measure of the effectiveness of the input of energy to do work; useful energy or work divided by the total input of energy

A

Efficiency

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6
Q

Energy carried by a flow of change

A

Electrical energy

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7
Q

Ability to do work

A

Energy

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8
Q

Oil, natural gas, and coal

A

Fossil fuels

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9
Q

Force between surfaces that opposes one sliding on the other; friction changes mechanical energy into thermal energy

A

Friction

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10
Q

Energy an object has due to its position in a gravitational field

A

Gravitational potential energy

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11
Q

Older non-SI unit of power, with 1 HP = 746 W

A

Horsepower

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12
Q

SI unit of work and energy, equal to one newton-meter

A

Joule

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13
Q

Unit used primarily for electrical energy provided by electric utility companies

A

Kilowatt-hour

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14
Q

Energy an object has by reason of its motion, equal to 1/2 mv² for the translational (i.e., non-rotational) motion of an object of mass m moving at speed v

A

Kinetic energy

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15
Q

General law that total energy is constant in any process; energy may change in form or be transferred from one system to another, but the total remains the same

A

Law of conservation of energy

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16
Q

Sum of kinetic energy and potential energy

A

Mechanical energy

17
Q

Rate at which the body uses food energy to sustain life and to do different activities

A

Metabolic rate

18
Q

Work done by the net force, or vector sum of all the forces, acting on an object

19
Q

Force whose work depends on the path followed between the given initial and final configurations

A

Nonconservative force

20
Q

Energy released by changes within atomic nuclei, such as the fusion of two light nuclei or the fission of a heavy nucleus

A

Nuclear energy

21
Q

Energy due to position, shape, or configuration

A

Potential energy

22
Q

Stored energy of a spring as a function of its displacement; when Hooke’s law applies, it is given by the expression 1/2 kx² when x is the distance the spring is compressed or extended and k is the spring constant

A

Potential energy of a spring

23
Q

Rate at which work is done

24
Q

Energy carried by electromagnetic waves

A

Radiant energy

25
Sources that cannot be used up, such as water, wind, solar, and biomass
Renewable forms of energy
26
Energy within an object due to the random motion of its atoms and molecules that accounts for the object's temperature
Thermal energy
27
Work done on an external system
Useful work
28
SI unit of power, with 1 W = 1 J/s
Watt
29
Transfer of energy by a force that causes an object to be displaced; the product of the component of the force in the direction of the displacement and the magnitude of the displacement
Work
30
The result, based on newton's laws, that the net work done on an object is equal to its change in kinetic energy
Work-energy theorem