Chapter 7

Question 1

Memory

Answer 1

Retention of information over time

Question 2

Basic Processes (4)

Answer 2

0. Attention
1. Encoding
2. Storage
3. Retrieval

Question 3

Sensory Memory

Answer 3

Preserves info in its original sensory form for a brief time (like a sec)

Question 4

Short term memory
- Capacity?

Answer 4

Limited capacity store that can maintain unrehearsed info for up to about 20 sec

Capacity: ±7 #

Question 5

Working memory

Answer 5

A limited capacity storage that temporarily maintains info by providing an interface between perception, memory and action

-Phonological Loop
-Visual-Spatial Sketchpad
-Episodic Buffer –> binding problem

Question 6

Long term memory
- 3 differences from STM

Answer 6

A relatively enduring store of info
1. Much larger capacity than STM
2. Much longer retention than STM
3. Different kinds of mistakes than STM

Question 7

Explicit vs Implicit

Answer 7

Explicit: you know what you’re trying to pull out from brain
1. Semantic memory - general knowledge (no relation to time)
2. Episodic memory - chronological / temporarily dated

Implicit: we don’t consciously remember
1. Procedural: how to do specific actions / skills
2. Priming: When the memory of previously encountered stimuli impacts subsequent thoughts or behaviours

Question 8

H.M.
Amnesia (2)
3 big discoveries

Answer 8

Amnesia
1. Retrograde amnesia: can’t retrieve memories for some specific period of time prior to the brain damage time
2. Anterograde amnesia: after brain damage

1. Clear distinction of STM & LTM
2. Clear distinction between implicit & explicit memory
3. Different types of memory may be stored in different areas of the brain

Question 9

Serial position curve

Answer 9

In a list, we remember the things at the front & back better than the ones in the middle

Question 10

Where are memories stored?

Answer 10

1. Long Term Potentiation
2. Consolidation: info gradually converted into LTM (hippo)

Question 11

Why do we forget

Answer 11

1. Pseudoforgetting - Lack of attention
2. Decay theory - STM
3. Interference theory - LTM
   From the probe experiment:
   ∴ Interference plays a larger role than decay in forgetting
   - Retroactive Interference
   - Proactive Interference
4. Aging, dementia, Alzheimer’s… etc

Question 12

7 sins of memory

Answer 12

Sins of Commission (+)
1. Suggestibility
- Misinformation effect
- Implanted memories
2. Misattribution
- Source monitoring confusion
3. Bias
4. Persistence

Sins of Omission (-)
5. Transcience
- Decay (STM)
- Interference (LTM)
6. Blocking
7. Absentmindedness
- Pseudoforgetting
- Failure of prospective memory

Question 13

What is mnemonics & 9 types

Answer 13

1. Rhymes
2. Acrostics
3. Acronym
4. Pegword Method
5. Link method (visual imagery)
6. Method of the Loci (path)
7. Narrative method (make a story)
8. Keyword method
9. Music