chapter 7

Question 1

the departments and agencies within the executive branch that carry out the laws of the nation.

Answer 1

federal bureacracy

Question 2

an official employed within a gov bureacracy

Answer 2

bureacrat

Question 3

filling of administrative positions as a reward for support, rather than solely on merit

Answer 3

political patronage

Question 4

an act of Congress that created the first United States Civil Service Commission to draw up and enforce rules on hiring, promotion, and tenure of office within the civil service (also known as Civil Service Reform Act of 1883)

Answer 4

Pendleton act

Question 5

the merit-based bureaucracy, excluding the armed forces and polticial appointments.

Answer 5

federal civil service act

Question 6

a system of hiring and promotion based on competitive testing results, education, and other qualifications rather than politics and personal connections.

Answer 6

merit system

Question 7

coordinated and mutually beneficial activities of the bureaucracy, Congress, and interest groups to achieve shared policy goals

Answer 7

iron triangle

Question 8

webs of influence between interest groups, policymakers, and policy advocates

Answer 8

issue network

Question 9

the bureaucracy’s role in putting into action the laws that Congress has passed

Answer 9

implementation

Question 10

the power to decide how a law is implemented and to decide what Congress meant when it passed a law

Answer 10

bureaucratic discretion

Question 11

the process through which the federal bureaucracy makes rules that have the force of law, to carry out the laws passed by Congress

Answer 11

regulation

Question 12

when the federal bureaucracy settles disputes between parties that arise over the implementation of federal laws or determines which individuals or groups are covered under a regulation or program

Answer 12

bureaucratic adjudication