Chapter 7 Flashcards
Histology
Study of microscopic structure and function of cells and associated tissue
Microanatomy
Another term for histology because dimensions of anatomic structures are on a microscopic scale
Cell
- Smallest living unit of organization in the body
- Capable of performing any necessary functions w/o aid of other cells
Tissue
Cells with similar characteristics of form and function that are grouped together
Organ
- Various tissue types bonded
- Somewhat independent body part that performs specific function(s)
System
Organs that function together globally
Cellular division
What cells in a tissue undergo to reproduce themselves and replace dead tissue cells
Result of mitosis
2 daughter cells that are identical to ea. other and to the original parent cell are formed
Exocytosis
Active transport of material from vesicle within cell out into the extracellular environment
Endocytosis
Uptake of materials from extracellular environment into the cell
Phagocytosis
Engulfing then digesting of solid waste and foreign material by cell through enzymatic breakdown of material
Cell membrane
(aka plasma membrane) Surrounds cell
Cytoplasm
Includes the semifluid part contained within cell membrane boundary, as well as the skeletal system of support or cytoskeleton
Vacuoles
Spaces/cavities for storage
Organelles
- Metabolically active specialized structures within the cell
- Allow each cell to function according to its genetic code
- Subdivide cell into major compartments
Nucleus
- Largest, densest, and most conspicuous organelle in the cell
- Store data
- Controls organelles
Chromatin
- Chief nucleic acid in nucleoplasm
- Form of deoxyribonucleic acid
Chromosomes
- Condensed chromatin in an actively dividing cell
- Microscopically visible, discrete, rodlike
Centromere
Clear constricted area near middle of ea. chromosome
Chromatids
Filamentous, threadlike parts of chromosome joined by centromere during cell division
Nucleoplasm
- Fluid part within nucleus
- Contains important molecules used in construction of ribosomes, nucleic acids, etc.
Nuclear envelope
- Surrounds nuclear envelope
- Membrane similar to cell membrane
- Double layered
Nuclear pores
Avenues of communication b/w inner nucleoplasm and outer cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Prominent, rounded clear organelle
Mitochondria
- Most numerous organelle in cell
- Associated w/ energy conversion
Ribosomes
- Tiny sphere-shaped organelles in the cell
- Produced in nucleolus from rRNA and protein molecules
- Assembled in cytoplasm
Endoplasmic reticulum
- Concentrated in cell’s inner region
- Consists of parallel membrane-bound channels
Classifications of ER
- Smooth (no ribosomes)
- Rough (ribosomes)
Golgi complex
Responsible for segregation, packaging, and transport of protein compounds
Lysosomes
- Produced by golgi complex
- Function in both intracellular and extracellular digestion by cell
Centrosome
- Dense, oval shaped organelle
- Contains centrioles
Centrioles
- In centromeres
- Supply tubes
Cytoskeleton
- 3D system of support for interior of cell
- Supports and maintain shape, signal, transport/movement
Microfilaments
- Delicate, threadlike microscopic structures
- Contain specialized proteins
Microtubules
- Contain specialized proteins
- Slender, hollow, tubular microscopic structures
- Assist microfilaments in maintenance of overall cell shape and in transport of intracellular materials
- Form internal framework of cilia, flagella, centrioles, and mitotic spindle for cell division
Cilia
- Shorter
- More numerous
- Involved in movement of cell
Flagella
- Fewer
- Longer
- Involved in movement of cell
Intermediate filaments
Various types of thicker, threadlike microscopic structures within cell
Tonofilaments
- Have major role in intracellular junctions
- Type of intermediate filament
