Chapter 7

Question 1

Histology

Answer 1

Study of microscopic structure and function of cells and associated tissue

Question 2

Microanatomy

Answer 2

Another term for histology because dimensions of anatomic structures are on a microscopic scale

Question 3

Cell

Answer 3

• Smallest living unit of organization in the body
• Capable of performing any necessary functions w/o aid of other cells

Question 4

Tissue

Answer 4

Cells with similar characteristics of form and function that are grouped together

Question 5

Organ

Answer 5

• Various tissue types bonded
• Somewhat independent body part that performs specific function(s)

Question 6

System

Answer 6

Organs that function together globally

Question 7

Cellular division

Answer 7

What cells in a tissue undergo to reproduce themselves and replace dead tissue cells

Question 8

Result of mitosis

Answer 8

2 daughter cells that are identical to ea. other and to the original parent cell are formed

Question 9

Exocytosis

Answer 9

Active transport of material from vesicle within cell out into the extracellular environment

Question 10

Endocytosis

Answer 10

Uptake of materials from extracellular environment into the cell

Question 11

Phagocytosis

Answer 11

Engulfing then digesting of solid waste and foreign material by cell through enzymatic breakdown of material

Question 12

Cell membrane

Answer 12

(aka plasma membrane) Surrounds cell

Question 13

Cytoplasm

Answer 13

Includes the semifluid part contained within cell membrane boundary, as well as the skeletal system of support or cytoskeleton

Question 14

Vacuoles

Answer 14

Spaces/cavities for storage

Question 15

Organelles

Answer 15

• Metabolically active specialized structures within the cell
• Allow each cell to function according to its genetic code
• Subdivide cell into major compartments

Question 16

Nucleus

Answer 16

• Largest, densest, and most conspicuous organelle in the cell
• Store data
• Controls organelles

Question 17

Chromatin

Answer 17

• Chief nucleic acid in nucleoplasm
• Form of deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 18

Chromosomes

Answer 18

• Condensed chromatin in an actively dividing cell
• Microscopically visible, discrete, rodlike

Question 19

Centromere

Answer 19

Clear constricted area near middle of ea. chromosome

Question 20

Chromatids

Answer 20

Filamentous, threadlike parts of chromosome joined by centromere during cell division

Question 21

Nucleoplasm

Answer 21

• Fluid part within nucleus
• Contains important molecules used in construction of ribosomes, nucleic acids, etc.

Question 22

Nuclear envelope

Answer 22

• Surrounds nuclear envelope
• Membrane similar to cell membrane
• Double layered

Question 23

Nuclear pores

Answer 23

Avenues of communication b/w inner nucleoplasm and outer cytoplasm

Question 24

Nucleolus

Answer 24

Prominent, rounded clear organelle

Question 25

Mitochondria

Answer 25

- Most numerous organelle in cell - Associated w/ energy conversion

Question 26

Ribosomes

Answer 26

- Tiny sphere-shaped organelles in the cell - Produced in nucleolus from rRNA and protein molecules - Assembled in cytoplasm

Question 27

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 27

- Concentrated in cell's inner region - Consists of parallel membrane-bound channels

Question 28

Classifications of ER

Answer 28

- Smooth (no ribosomes) - Rough (ribosomes)

Question 29

Golgi complex

Answer 29

Responsible for segregation, packaging, and transport of protein compounds

Question 30

Lysosomes

Answer 30

- Produced by golgi complex - Function in both intracellular and extracellular digestion by cell

Question 31

Centrosome

Answer 31

- Dense, oval shaped organelle - Contains centrioles

Question 32

Centrioles

Answer 32

- In centromeres - Supply tubes

Question 33

Cytoskeleton

Answer 33

- 3D system of support for interior of cell - Supports and maintain shape, signal, transport/movement

Question 34

Microfilaments

Answer 34

- Delicate, threadlike microscopic structures - Contain specialized proteins

Question 35

Microtubules

Answer 35

- Contain specialized proteins - Slender, hollow, tubular microscopic structures - Assist microfilaments in maintenance of overall cell shape and in transport of intracellular materials - Form internal framework of cilia, flagella, centrioles, and mitotic spindle for cell division

Question 36

Cilia

Answer 36

- Shorter - More numerous - Involved in movement of cell

Question 37

Flagella

Answer 37

- Fewer - Longer - Involved in movement of cell

Question 38

Intermediate filaments

Answer 38

Various types of thicker, threadlike microscopic structures within cell

Question 39

Tonofilaments

Answer 39

- Have major role in intracellular junctions - Type of intermediate filament