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Dental Embryology, Histology, and Anaotmy > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Histology

A

Study of microscopic structure and function of cells and associated tissue

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2
Q

Microanatomy

A

Another term for histology because dimensions of anatomic structures are on a microscopic scale

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3
Q

Cell

A
  • Smallest living unit of organization in the body
  • Capable of performing any necessary functions w/o aid of other cells
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4
Q

Tissue

A

Cells with similar characteristics of form and function that are grouped together

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5
Q

Organ

A
  • Various tissue types bonded
  • Somewhat independent body part that performs specific function(s)
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6
Q

System

A

Organs that function together globally

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7
Q

Cellular division

A

What cells in a tissue undergo to reproduce themselves and replace dead tissue cells

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8
Q

Result of mitosis

A

2 daughter cells that are identical to ea. other and to the original parent cell are formed

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9
Q

Exocytosis

A

Active transport of material from vesicle within cell out into the extracellular environment

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10
Q

Endocytosis

A

Uptake of materials from extracellular environment into the cell

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11
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Engulfing then digesting of solid waste and foreign material by cell through enzymatic breakdown of material

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12
Q

Cell membrane

A

(aka plasma membrane) Surrounds cell

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13
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Includes the semifluid part contained within cell membrane boundary, as well as the skeletal system of support or cytoskeleton

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14
Q

Vacuoles

A

Spaces/cavities for storage

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15
Q

Organelles

A
  • Metabolically active specialized structures within the cell
  • Allow each cell to function according to its genetic code
  • Subdivide cell into major compartments
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16
Q

Nucleus

A
  • Largest, densest, and most conspicuous organelle in the cell
  • Store data
  • Controls organelles
17
Q

Chromatin

A
  • Chief nucleic acid in nucleoplasm
  • Form of deoxyribonucleic acid
18
Q

Chromosomes

A
  • Condensed chromatin in an actively dividing cell
  • Microscopically visible, discrete, rodlike
19
Q

Centromere

A

Clear constricted area near middle of ea. chromosome

20
Q

Chromatids

A

Filamentous, threadlike parts of chromosome joined by centromere during cell division

21
Q

Nucleoplasm

A
  • Fluid part within nucleus
  • Contains important molecules used in construction of ribosomes, nucleic acids, etc.
22
Q

Nuclear envelope

A
  • Surrounds nuclear envelope
  • Membrane similar to cell membrane
  • Double layered
23
Q

Nuclear pores

A

Avenues of communication b/w inner nucleoplasm and outer cytoplasm

24
Q

Nucleolus

A

Prominent, rounded clear organelle

25
Q

Mitochondria

A
  • Most numerous organelle in cell
  • Associated w/ energy conversion
26
Q

Ribosomes

A
  • Tiny sphere-shaped organelles in the cell
  • Produced in nucleolus from rRNA and protein molecules
  • Assembled in cytoplasm
27
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A
  • Concentrated in cell’s inner region
  • Consists of parallel membrane-bound channels
28
Q

Classifications of ER

A
  • Smooth (no ribosomes)
  • Rough (ribosomes)
29
Q

Golgi complex

A

Responsible for segregation, packaging, and transport of protein compounds

30
Q

Lysosomes

A
  • Produced by golgi complex
  • Function in both intracellular and extracellular digestion by cell
31
Q

Centrosome

A
  • Dense, oval shaped organelle
  • Contains centrioles
32
Q

Centrioles

A
  • In centromeres
  • Supply tubes
33
Q

Cytoskeleton

A
  • 3D system of support for interior of cell
  • Supports and maintain shape, signal, transport/movement
34
Q

Microfilaments

A
  • Delicate, threadlike microscopic structures
  • Contain specialized proteins
35
Q

Microtubules

A
  • Contain specialized proteins
  • Slender, hollow, tubular microscopic structures
  • Assist microfilaments in maintenance of overall cell shape and in transport of intracellular materials
  • Form internal framework of cilia, flagella, centrioles, and mitotic spindle for cell division
36
Q

Cilia

A
  • Shorter
  • More numerous
  • Involved in movement of cell
37
Q

Flagella

A
  • Fewer
  • Longer
  • Involved in movement of cell
38
Q

Intermediate filaments

A

Various types of thicker, threadlike microscopic structures within cell

39
Q

Tonofilaments

A
  • Have major role in intracellular junctions
  • Type of intermediate filament

Dental Embryology, Histology, and Anaotmy (5 decks)

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