Chapter 1 Flashcards
Regions of face
- Frontal
- Orbital
- Nasal
- Infraorbital
- Zygomatic
- Buccal
- Oral
- Mental
Frontal region of face
Forehead area and above eyes
Orbital region of face
Eyeball and all supporting structures contained in orbit of skull (bony eye socket)
Nasal region of face
- External nose
- Root of nose
- Apex of nose
- Naris
- Nasal septum
- Ala
Naris
Nostrils
Ala
Wing-like cartilaginous structures that laterally bind nares
Infraorbital region of face
Inferior to orbital region, lateral to nasal region
Zygomatic region of face
Farther laterally than infraorbital, overlies zygomatic arch (bony support for cheek)
Zygomatic arch
Extends from below lateral margin of eye toward middle part of external ear
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
Inferior to zygomatic arch and anterior to external ear
- Where upper skull forms joint w/ lower jaw
How to palpate TMJ
Finger placed gently into external ear canal during movement
Buccal region of face
- Composed of soft tissue of cheek
- Includes masseter muscle
- Angle of mandible
- Parotid salivary gland
Masseter muscle
Muscle that forms cheek
- Palpated when clenching teeth together
Angle of the mandible
Sharp angle of the lower jaw, inferior to earlobe
Parotid salivary gland
- Has small part that can be palpated on patient in buccal and zygomatic regions
- Located from zygomatic arch down to posterior border of lower jaw
Oral region of mouth
Includes
- Lips
- Oral cavity
- Philtrum
- Maxilla
- Mandible
- Labial commissure
Upper and lower lips
Fleshy folds that mark gateway of oral cavity proper
- Has vermillion zone, mucocutaneous junction, vermillion border
Vermillion zone
Darker reddish appearance compared to surrounding skin
Mucocutaneous junction
Surrounding skin by transition zone, outlines lips
Vermillion border
Where vermillion zone and mucocutaneous junction meet?
Philtrum
Groove above upper lip, like the divot above cupids bow
Maxilla
Bone that underlies lip (upper jaw)
Mandible
Bone that underlies lower lip (lower jaw)
Labial commissure
Where upper/lower lips meet at corners of mouth
Mental region of face
Chin area, chin is main feature
Mandibular symphysis
Marks midline of mandible (mental region of face)
Mandibular ramus
- Stout flat plate on lateral aspect of mandible
- Extends superiorly and posteriorly from body of mandible on each side
Coronoid process
At anterior border of ramus
- A beaklike process in the ramus of the mandible
Coronoid notch
Main part of anterior border of ramus
- Forms concave inward curve
Facial Esthetics
Face is divided into thirds
- Aka vertical dimension of face
Golden proportions
Set of guidelines that allows for comparison of dimensions of face for functional and esthetic purposes
Regions of the neck
- Regions of neck extend from skull and lower jaw down to clavicles and sternum
- Can be further divided into cervical triangles using large bones and muscles in area
- Lymph nodes located in some areas of neck (should be noted when palpated)
Sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM)
- Easily palpated on each side of the neck
- Borders of this muscle divide neck into further regions
Hyoid bone
- At anterior midline, suspended in neck
- Many muscles attach to it, controls base of tongue
Thyroid cartilage
- Found in anterior midline and inferior to hyoid bone
- Prominence of larynx (voice box)
Larynx
Voice box
Where vocal cords are attached as ligaments of larynx
Posterior surface of thyroid cartilage
Thyroid gland
- Endocrine gland
- Can be palpated
- Inferior to thyroid cartilage at junction of larynx and trachea
Parathyroid gland
- Endocrine gland
- Located close to/within posterior aspect of ea. side of thyroid gland
- CANNOT be palpated
Other glands that can be palpated in neck
Submandibular salivary and sublingual salivary gland
