Chapter 7

Question 1

Culture

Answer 1

Culture is a set of behaviours that are accepted by a specific group within
society

Question 2

Characteristics of Culture

Answer 2

-Learning
-Needs
-Customs, beliefs & values
-Behavior
-Intergenerational transmission

Question 3

Learning culture / How learning occurs

Answer 3

1. Formal - * Occurs through instruction from family members
   * How to behave, dress code, respect
2. Informal - * Learning by watching and imitating the behaviour of others
   * Watching how something is done and then repeat it
3. Technical - * Learn in an educational setting about acceptable standards of behaviour
   * Formal ways of greeting in different situations

Question 4

Typologies/forms of cultural values

Answer 4

• Terminal values – things that we aspire to achieve
• Instrumental values – preferred mode of action/desired behaviour to
  achieve terminal value
• Self-orientated values – objectives and approaches to life that individuals
  find desirable (personal goals/individualistic/self-identity)

Question 5

Six-dimensional measure of cultural values to
measure national culture

Answer 5

• Power distance
• power acceptance and inequality endorsement
• Uncertainty avoidance
• degree to which society feels intimidated by uncertainty and ambiguity
• Individualism vs Collectivism
• degree to which society is interdependent (“I”/”we”)
• Masculinity vs Femininity
• distribution of emotional roles between the sexes (the culture is feminine or
  masculine)
• Long term vs Short term orientation
• choice of focus for people’s efforts (long term = perseverance, short term = respect
  for tradition, personal steadiness)
• Indulgence vs Restraint
• gratification vs control of basic human desires