CHAPTER 7 Flashcards
The impact of a software defect can be quite subtle or very serious. True or False?
true
A _________ is any error that, if not removed, could cause a software system to fail to meet its users’ needs.
software defect
___________ is the degree to which a software product meets the needs of its users.
Software quality
____________ focuses on defining, measuring, and refining the quality of the development process and the products developed during its various stages
Quality management
A ________________ is a set of interrelated components—including hardware, software, databases, networks, people, and procedures—that collects and processes data and disseminates the output.
business information system
Another type of business information system is the _________ which is used to improve decision making in a variety of industries
decision support system (DSS)
The liability of manufacturers, sellers, lessors, and others for injuries caused by defec- tive products is commonly referred to as ____________-
product liability
____________ means that the defendant is held responsible for injuring another person, regardless of negligence or inten
Strict liability
_____________ is the failure to do what a reasonable person would do, or doing something that a reasonable person would not do
Negligence
A _______ assures buyers or lessees that a product meets certain standards of quality.
warranty
If the product fails to meet the terms of its warranty, the buyer or lessee can sue for ____________
breach of warranty
A type of system used to control many industrial processes in an effort to reduce costs, eliminate human error, improve quality, and shorten the time it takes to make products is called_______________
Process control system
There is a federal product liability law governing product liability. True or False?
FALSE
A standard, proven work process for the development of high-quality software is called a(n) _____________.
Software development methodology
_______________ occurs when a seller or lessor either misrepresents the quality of a product or conceals a defect in it
intentional misrepresentation
__________a standard, proven work process that enables systems analysts, programmers, project managers, and others to make controlled and orderly progress in developing high-quality software
software development methodology
The cost to identify and remove a defect in an early stage of software development can be up to 100 times less than the cost of removing a defect in an operating piece of software after it has been distributed to many customers. True or False?
TRUE
___________refers to methods within the development cycle designed to guarantee reliable operation of the product
Quality assurance (QA)
_____________ reduces the number of software errors that might occur
effective methodology
___________ is to test the code for a completed unit
of software by actually entering test data and comparing the results to the expected results.
DYNAMIC TESTING
___________involves viewing the software unit as a device that has expected input and output behaviors but whose internal workings are unknown
Black-box testing
_______________treats the software unit as a device that has expected input and output behaviors but whose internal workings are known or the tester has thorough knowledge of the logic.
White-box testing
____________Special software programs called static analyzers are run against the new code. Rather than reviewing input and output, the static analyzer looks for suspicious patterns in programs that might indicate a defect.
Static testing
After successful unit testing, the software units are combined into an integrated subsystem that undergoes rigorous testing to ensure that the linkages among the various subsystems work successfully.
Integration testing
______________After successful integration testing, the various subsystems are combined to test the entire system as a complete entity.
System testing
_____________Independent testing performed by trained end users to ensure that the system operates as they expect.
User acceptance testing
______________is a process improvement approach that defines the essential elements of effective processes.
Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI)
Special measures must be taken in the development of safety-critical systems. True or False?
true
A _____________ is one whose failure may cause injury or death
safety-critical system
_____________ has explicit responsibility for the system’s safety
project safety engineer
_____________ is used at each stage of the software development process to assess how it has accounted for detected hazards
hazard log
_____________are held throughout the development pro- cess,
Safety reviews
________________ system tracks all safety-related documenta- tion to keep it consistent with the associated technical documentation
robust configuration management
_______________ is the probability of an undesirable event occurring times the magnitude of the event’s consequences if it does happen
Risk
_____________ is the provision of multiple interchangeable components to perform a single function in order to cope with failures and errors.
redundancy
________________is a form of redundancy involving the simultaneous execution of a series of program instructions by two different systems
N-version programming
______________ is the probability of a component or system performing without failure over its product life.
Reliability
A set of standards requiring organizations to develop formal quality management systems that focus on identifying and meeting the needs, desires, and expectations of their customers
are the __________________ standards.
ISO 9000 standards
in a lawsuit alleging ______________, responsibility is limited to harmful defects that could have been detected and corrected through “reasonable” software development practices.
Negligence
A reliability evaluation technique that can determine the effect of system and equipment failure is ______________.
Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA)
_____________ is an important technique used to develop ISO 9000–compliant quality systems by both evaluating reliability and determining the effects of system and equipment failures
Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA)
