Chapter 7 Flashcards
Describe Bioelectrical impedance Analysis (BIA) Body Composition Assessment
Whole body BIA machines found mostly in lab settings
Less sophisticated BIA devices are sometimes found in fitness settings
~ BIA measures electrical signals as the pass through fat, lean mass and water. In essence, it measures leaness.
~ Accuracy based on sophistication of the machine and validity of algorithms.
~ Optimal hydration is necessary for good results.
Describe Air displacement plethysmography (ADP) body composition assessment
Bod Pod / PeaPod
Marketed for fitness but cost prohibitive for most settings.
Egg shaped chamber that measures the amount of air that is displaced when a person sits in the machine.
Two values needed to determine body fat:air displacement and body weight.
~ High accuracy - expensive equipment
Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) body composition Assessment
Typical found in clinical settings; may be found in exercise physiology depth at colleges and universities.
DXA is one of most accurate and precise methods.
~ whole body scanning system, delivers low-dose x-ray reading bone and soft tissue mass
~ can identify regional body-fat distribution.
Describe Hydrostatic weighing body assessment (underwater weighing)
GOLD Standard. Many methods of body-fat assessment are based on calculations derived from hydrostatic weighing.
Measures the amount of H2O someone displace when they are completely submerged, thereby indirectly measuring body fat via body density.
Not practical in fitness center bc size of machine, particularity in measurements, etc.
Describe Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) body composition assessment.
Found in hospitals and diagnostic centers
MRI uses magnetic fields to assess how much fat a person has and where it’s deposited.
Not practical to use for measuring body fat bc where they are located.
Describe Near-infrared interactions (NIR) body composition assessment
Futrex
Found in fitness settings
NIR uses fiber optic probe, connected to a digital analyzer and indirectly measures tissue composition (fat and H2O).
~ Typically biceps are assessment site
~ Calculations plugged into equation that included height, weight, frame, size and level of activity.
Inexpensive and fast, but not as accurate as other methods.
Describe Skinfold measurement body composition assessment
Very commonly used in fitness settings
Skinfold calipers are used to “pinch” a fold of skin and fat.
~ Several sites on the body
~ measurements are plugged into equation that calculates body-fat percentage
Describe Total body electrical conductivity (TOBEC) body composition assessment
Found in clinical and research settings
TOBEC uses electromagnetic force field to assess relative body fat.
~ Much like MRI, impractical and too $$ for the fitness setting.
List the 8 different body composition assessments described in Chapter 7 (p 228-229)
~ Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA)
~ Air displacement plethysmography (ADP - Bod Pod)
~ Dual-Energy x-Ray absorptiometry DXA)
~ Hydrostatic weighing
~ Magnetic resonance Imagining (MRI)
~ Near-infrared interactance (NIR)
~ Skinfold Measurement
~ Total Body Electrical conductivity (TOBEC)
