CHAPTER 7 Flashcards
Behavioral
- punishment principles
- associative learning
- emphasis on experiences
- classical and operant conditioning
Social Cognitive
Societal norms and how you think
- Interaction of behavior
- environment
- cognitive factors
Information processing
Paying attention, processing, and retrieval
Processing information through memory, thinking and other cognitive processes
Cognitive constructivist
Active participant; biological
Cognitive construction of knowledge and understanding
Social constructivist
Collaboration with others to produce knowledge and understanding
Classical conditioning
Ivan Povlov (dogs)
type of learning learning that two events are associated; associating between a behavior and response
Involuntary
Stimuli
Unconditioned stimulus (UCS)= food
Unconditioned response(UCR)= dog salivates
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)= bell
Conditioned Response (CR)= dog salivates
Neutral stimuli - bell
In the classroom
Children in the classroom are classically conditioned to remember the ABCâs
Generalization
Associating feelings with an action
Ex: being generalized to similar situations regarding that response in that scenario
Discrimination
Being able to disconnect that response/feeling to a different situation
Ex: the student discriminates between two different classes
Extinction
Weaken a conditioned response
Ex: has test anxiety, does better, anxiety fades or becomes extinct
Counter conditioning
reduces anxiety by getting the individual to ASSOCIATE deep relaxation with successive visualizations of increasingly
anxiety-producing situations
Skinner- operant conditioning
Consequences of behavior produce changes in probability that behavior will occur
Reinforcement
increases the probability that a behavior will occur.
Positive - give good -> increase behavior
Negative - Take away -> increase behavior (dishes)
Punishment
increases the probability that a behavior will occur.
Positive - give bad -> decrease behavior (soap in mouth)
Negative - take away good -> decrease behavior (phone)
Operant conditioning Generalization
Same response to similar stimuli
Operant conditioning Discrimination
Differentiating different stimuli or environmental events (setting)
Operant conditioning extinction
Previously reinforced response is no longer reinforced thus the response decreases
Applied behavior analysis
Applying principles of operant conditioning to change human behavior (autism)
Premature principle
High probably activity can serve as a reinforcer for a low probability activity
Schedule
Fixed - set amount of something that you get reinforcement
Variable - random (separate pay checks)
Prompts
Added stimuli that are given just before the likelihood that the behavior will occur
Shaping
Teaching new behaviors that are reinforced to get a desired behavior
Present adverse stimuli
Association of PAS with punishment but, only if it decreases an undesirable behavior (too often they do not)
Banduras social cognitive theory
Social, cognitive, behavior; everything affects learning; self efficacy
Bobs doll experiment
Observational learning
Modeling others behavior
Attention
Retention - code info
Production - reduce behavior
Motivation - motivated to imitate
Thorndike
Laws of:
â Readiness: When students are ready to form connections it is satisfying; when not ready, it is frustrating and annoying
âExercise: connection is strengthened with practice. If practice does not occur, the connection weakens
âEffect: connections are strengthened by satisfaction; weakened by frustration
