Chapter 7

Question 1

1. What is cartography?

Answer 1

The art and science of creating and designing maps is called

Question 2

2. What are the three important questions asked before making a map?

Answer 2

What is the purpose of the map?
* Is information being effectively conveyed to the reader?
* Are all the essential map elements included?
* Is the overall map design appropriate?

Question 3

3. What are the five essential map elements?

Answer 3

• Title
• Geographic Grid
• Scale
• North Arrow/Compass
• Legend

Question 4

4. What are the three types of map scales? Be sure to understand how to interpret different types of map

Answer 4

Graphic Scale
Fractional Scale
Written Scale

Question 5

What are the differences between a small-scale map and a large-scale map? Which one covers a larger
geographic area but shows lower level of detail? Which one covers a smaller area but shows a higher
level of detail?

Answer 5

Small scale → large area → low
level of detail
* Large scale → small area → high
level of detail

Question 6

6. What is a north arrow/compass used for?

Answer 6

• North arrow is a graphical device used to show the orientation of a map

Question 7

7. What is a map legend used for?

Answer 7

• Legend is a graphical device used to explain what the various map
  symbols and colors represent.

Question 8

What is the major difference between a reference map and a thematic map? Give one specific example
for each type of map.

Answer 8

Reference maps display locations of features
- World Map

Thematic maps focus on one particular theme
and display locations and attributes of features.
-Election Map

Question 9

What are the four data classification methods used when making a choropleth map? Be sure to
understand how each data classification method works.

Answer 9

A data classification method must be specified to display attribute values
on a choropleth map.
* natural breaks
* quantile
* equal interval
* standard deviation

Question 10

Natural Breaks

Answer 10

Classes are based on natural groupings inherent in the
data. ArcMap identifies break points by picking the class breaks that best group
similar values and maximize the differences between classes

Question 11

Quantile Breaks

Answer 11

• Quantile: Each class contains an equal number of features.

Question 12

Equal Interval

Answer 12

• Equal Interval: divides the range of attribute values into equal-sized subranges.

Question 13

Standard Deviation

Answer 13

Standard Deviation: shows how much a feature’s attribute value
varies from the mean.

Question 14

How are RGB and CMYK color schemes used to create different colors? What is the major difference
between these two color schemes? Which one is an additive color scheme, and which one is a
subtractive color scheme?

Answer 14

RGB: an additive color mixing scheme based on red, green, and blue

CMYK: a subtractive color mixing scheme based on cyan, magenta, yellow, and black

Question 15

11. What are the three digital formats for an image file?

Answer 15

JPG, PNG, TIFF

Question 16

Which image format has significant data loss due to compression but is smaller in size? Which image
format has the highest image quality but largest in file size?

Answer 16

JPEG has data loss due to compression but
smaller file sizes

TIFF highest quality but largest in file size

Question 17

13. What does “DPI” stand for and what does it mean?

Answer 17

Dots per Inch
* Higher the DPI is, higher the image quality and resolution is, and larger the file size is.
* An exported digital map of at least 200 DPI is recommended.

Question 18

Standard Deviation

Answer 18

Standard Deviation: shows how much a feature’s attribute value
varies from the mean.