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Positive Psych: Quiz Dos > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

Positive experiences

A

Beliefs that the future is likely to be positive

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2
Q

List two major types of positive experiences

A

1) Optimism
2) Hope

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3
Q

Goals

A

Desired outcomes

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4
Q

What are the five requirements to create good goals

A

1) Specific
2) Measurable
3) Attainable
4) Realistic
5) Time-bound

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5
Q

Personal importance of goals

A

According to Brunstein, people are more likely to pursue goals that are personally important to them

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6
Q

Approach goal

A

Involves attaining, achieving, or increasing something

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7
Q

Avoidance goal

A

Involves avoiding, stopping, or reducing something

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8
Q

According to Sheeran & Webb (2012), people perform better with what type of goals

A

Specific goals

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9
Q

Abstract goals

A

Goals that reflect general aims that transcend specific situations

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10
Q

Specific goals

A

Goals that detail specific, tangible rewards achieved by particular behaviors in response to particular contexts

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11
Q

Intrinsic goals

A

Self-concordant goals that satisfy our deepest needs and values

*Includes personal growth and interpersonal closeness

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12
Q

Extrinsic goals

A

Goals that primarily lead to external rewards and approval like wealth, status, and fame

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13
Q

People with which type of goals tend to experience higher levels of psychological well-being and are more motivated to achieve their goals

A

Intrinsic goals

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14
Q

Dispositional optimism

A

Tendency to believe that outcomes in one’s life will be positive, favorable, or desirable

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15
Q

Which group reported less presurgical distress, more confidence in satisfaction with medical care, more relief and happiness after surgery, and greater post-surgery sift satisfaction

A

Optimists

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16
Q

What may offer resistance to post-partum depression

A

Optimism

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17
Q

What is consistently linked to lower levels of personal distress

A

Optimism

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18
Q

What is linked to higher levels of distress

A

Pessimism

19
Q

What tool was created by Martin Seligman and his colleagues to measure people’s explanatory styles

A

Attributional Style Questionnaire

20
Q

What develops in childhood, and without explicit intervention, is lifelong

A

Explanatory style

21
Q

What are the three dimensions of explanatory style

A

1) Permanence
2) Pervasiveness
3) Personalization

22
Q

What is the ABCDE model for pessimistic thoughts

A

Adversity
Beliefs
Consequences (emotional)
Disputation of routine, irrational beliefs
Energization that occurs when dispute is successful/Effective new beliefs to replace irrational ones

23
Q

Disputations

A

Involve checking the accuracy of the beliefs about ourselves that are encouraging us to feel pessimistic

24
Q

John Henryism

A

Tendency to respond actively to stressors with the expectation that determination and hard work will lead to success

25
Q

John Henry

A

19th century African American folk hero

26
Q

What do studies show about people with high levels of John Henryism

A

1) Few financial resources
2) High societal barriers
3) Increased risk of cardiovascular problems
4) Generally diminished physical health

27
Q

Which group of people are particularly vulnerable to the set of circumstances common with John Henryism

A

Black Americans

28
Q

According to Oishi and Diener (2001), between White and Asian students, which group felt more satisfied about progressing towards independent goals

A

White students

29
Q

According to Oishi and Diener (2001), between White and Asian students, which group felt more satisfied about progressing towards interdependent goals

A

Asian students

30
Q

What are the three components of hope

A

1) Goals
2) Pathways
3) Agency

31
Q

Pathways

A

Plans or strategies people believe will lead to goals

32
Q

Agency

A

The collection of beliefs that motivate people to work toward achieving their goals

33
Q

Which two components of hope are theorized to influence one another

A

Pathways and agency

34
Q

Who developed the Hope Theory model and when was it established

A

C.R. Snyder (1994)

35
Q

What measure assesses hope in a trait-like way

A

Hope Scale

36
Q

What measures one’s momentary level of hope

A

State Hope Scale

37
Q

According to Feldman and Snyder (2005), greater hope and optimism have which associations

A

Lower depression and anxiety
Higher self-esteem and meaning in life

38
Q

What are the four ways to make disputations convinving

A

1) Evidence
2) Alternatives
3) Implications
4) Usefulness

39
Q

Permanence

A

Sometimes vs always

40
Q

Pervasiveness

A

Specific vs global

41
Q

Personal

A

External vs internal

42
Q

What exists within cultural contexts

A

Goals

43
Q

What are the dangers of unrealistic optimism

A

1) Unnecessary risk-taking
2) Believing one is less vulnerable than they really are
3) Difficult to change

Positive Psych: Quiz Dos (4 decks)

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