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Positive Psych: Quiz Dos > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

The idea that your genetics determine our behavior. The way that we act is in our nature.

A

Nature

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2
Q

The idea that the way we were raised determines our behavior. We were nurtured to act in certain ways.

A

Nurture

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3
Q

What is the importance of studying talent and giftedness?

A

1) Helps create environments where talent and giftedness flourish

2) May lead to admiration and urge for self-improvement

3) Ensures advancement as a society and community

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4
Q

How are talent and giftedness operationally defined?

A

1) Subjective judgements (Not sufficient for research)
2) Standardized assessments

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5
Q

What is the population IQ score distribution?

A

68% within 85-115
28% within 70-85 and 115-130
2% within 55-70 and 130-145
0.2% below 55 and above 145

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6
Q

Three different views on nature and nurture of talent and giftedness

A

1) Talent and giftedness are largely innate

2) Talent and giftedness are developed

3) Talent and giftedness are both innate and developed

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7
Q

Andres Valencia

A

10 year old art prodigy
Little Picasso

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8
Q

What is the heritability estimate of high intelligence (top 15%) for the High Cognitive Abilities Consortium

A

50%

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9
Q

What is the heritability estimate of intelligence from the High Cognitive Abilities Consortium

A

55%

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10
Q

What was the high intelligence heritability estimate for male twins that entered Swedish military between 1968 and 2010

A

44%

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11
Q

What two things have high heritability estimates

A

1) Muscle mass
2) Explosive strength

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12
Q

What was the heritability estimate for tendency to engage in athletics according to a twin study from 7 European countries

A

48% - 71%

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13
Q

Relative age effect

A

Advantage of being born earlier in your age cohort

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14
Q

Who are more likely to be better athletes and students?

Older people or younger people

A

Older, more physically mature young people

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15
Q

How will relative age effect impact younger players in early development

A

May negatively impact them
(Those who continue with the sport may benefit in the long run)

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16
Q

What is deliberate practice according to Ericsson (1993)

A

Performance and expertise tend to improve over time

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17
Q

According to Vincent and Glamser (2006), relative age effect is more pronounced amongst soccer players from which gender

A

Male

18
Q

According to Ericsson (1993), can innate abilities fully explain talent and giftedness

A

No

19
Q

What activities are relevant for deliberate practice

A

1) Variability in objective performance outcomes
2) Person is motivated to work for the activity
3) person wants to improve performance

20
Q

What deliberate practice factors facilitate improved performance

A

1) Immediate feedback
2) Personalized feedback

21
Q

Immediate feedback

A

Built in success and failure feedback

(Shooting a basketball, writing code)

22
Q

Personalized feedback

A

Feedback provided by a teacher or expert

23
Q

For personalized feedback, what is the expert’s responsibility

A

Continuing to increase difficulty of practices

24
Q

For personalized feedback, what must improve to meet continued challenges

A

Skills

25
Q

According to Ericsson, on average, how long will it take to achieve excellence in certain skills

A

10,000 hours

*Sometimes a little more, sometimes a little less

26
Q

Over-practice

A

A possible danger of overtraining

27
Q

What does excellence require a sensible balance between

A

1) Hard work
2) Rest

28
Q

How long do those who achieve high levels of excellence tend to practice daily

A

4 hours/day

29
Q

What are the four principles of deliberate practice

A

1) Work on areas in need of improvement
2) Give full concentration
3) Get feedback
4) Repeat until mastery

30
Q

What things keep individuals motivated for deliberate practice

A

1) Rethink failure
2) Rethink frustration and confusion
3) Rethink talent
4) Share the experience

31
Q

Grit

A

Combination of passion and persistance

32
Q

According to the SMPY, what were the percentage likelihoods for each cohort earning a doctoral degree by age 33

A

Cohort 1 (top 1 in 100): 25%
Cohort 2 (top 1 in 200): 30%
Cohort 3 (top 1 in 10,000): 50%

33
Q

Compared to low 25% on the SAT-Math, those in the top 25% of the SAT-Math were more likely to…

A

1) Obtain a doctorate degree
2) Obtain a STEM doctorate
3) Earn more money

34
Q

Threshold theory

A

After a certain level of intelligence, more intelligence has NO additional benefit

*SMPY findings disagree

35
Q

Excellence Gap

A

Black, LatinX, ESL students are underrepresented in gifted/talented and STEM programs

36
Q

What two groups are more likely to leave gifted and talented programs than white students

A

BIPOC students and ESL students

37
Q

Which two groups are equally likely to declare STEM majors but more likely to leave major or drop out than white students

A

Black students and LatinX students

38
Q

What are the initiatives to address the Excellence Gap

A

1) Move away from standardized assessments
2) Provide an accelerated, challenging curriculum that makes identifying G/T students easier
3) Scholastic mentorship and preparation programs

39
Q

Passion

A

Intense interest and personal commitment to an activity regarded as central to an individual

40
Q

What are the two sections of the dualistic model of passion

A

1) Harmonious passion
2) Obsessive passion

41
Q

Describe harmonious passion

A

1) Autonomous and free
2) Positive experiences
3) Flow is often experienced

*Activity allows for variety of experiences

42
Q

Describe obsessive passion

A

1) Controlling and rigid
2) Negative experiences
3) May conflict with one’s identity and life
4) May lead to feelings of anxiety and shame

*Difficulty controlling urge to do this activity

Positive Psych: Quiz Dos (4 decks)

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