Chapter 7 Flashcards
Republicanism
idea of having a just society where citizens act for the greater good of society
1763-1775
This idea swept through the colonies and helped provoke opposition towards the British monarchy(P)
Radical Whigs
British political group that criticized the monarch’s corruption
1763-1775
They encouraged citizens to deny any powers of infiltrating their rights(S,P)
Mercantilism
idea that wealth is measured in gold and wealth is power
1775
Britain’s adoption of mercantilism meant seeing the colonies as valuable because of their resources. Colonists had to exclusively support Britain (P/E).
Sugar ACT
1st law to be passed by Parliament that raised colonies’ taxes (on imported sugar) for England
1764
P.M George Grenville’s act created massive outrage from colonists who protested and had it lowered. (p)
Quartering Act
Parliament passed an act that required for colonists to house and feed British soldiers
1765
Colonists continued to grow angry towards England (P)
Stamp ACT
raised tax revenue on paper products with proof of tax payment in form of a stamp
1765
Americans saw this as a hit towards their liberties and some refused to comply (E/P)
Virtual Representation
theory used by King George III that stated that Parliament members represented both British and colonists
1765
Americans disagreed and cam up with the term, taxation without representation. (P/S)
Stamp ACT Congress
gathering in NYC of 27 delegates in response to the stamp act
1765
The group wrote letters to Parliament stating concerns and asking to repeal the stamp act. This was largely ignored although it did show colonial unity (p)
nonimportation agreement
agreement between all the colonies to not import British goods
1765
Widespread adoption showed colonial unity and ordinary people were able to protest as well (p,e)
Sons and daughters of liberty
colonial groups that used more extreme measures of protest towards Britain
1765
Helped enforce nonimportation agreements and ransacked officials’ houses. This lead to the tax collecting machinery being broken and selling stamps ended(p)
Declaratory Act
Parliament reaffirmed their grip on the colonies and stated that they would never give them sovereignty
1766
Created further tension between the grieving colonists and the British gov.(p)
admiralty courts
courts specifically for putting colonists on trial for not paying taxes
1765
Defendants were guilty until proven innocent which angered colonists. British soldiers were sent out to the colonies (P)
Townshend Act
tax on goods like paper, glass, tea, etc. indirect customs duty payable at American ports
1767
This was continued to be seen as taxation without representation. Tension continued (E/P)
Boston Massacre
dispute turned battle between British soldiers and Bostonians
1770
This fight showed colonists’ discontent towards the taxes imposed on them. Leader of the mob, Crispus Attucks, was one of the few killed (P)
Samuel Adams
brother of John Adams, founder of committees of correspondence, and rebellion leader
1772-1781
By forming the first C of C in Massachusetts, these groups helped keep British resistance through letters(P)
Abigail Adams
wife of John Adams and supporter of the rebelion
1744-1818
Supported including women in the fight to gain status/ early advocate for women’s rights (P,S)
Boston Tea Party
100 Bostonians dressed up as INdians and dumped 300+ crates of tea into the ocean
1773
A direct response to the British East India Company being given a monopoly on the American tea industry (P,E)
“Intolerable Acts”
series of Acts passed to punish Boston/Massachusetts for the Boston Tea Party
1774
Angered all colonists as it shut down the Boston port, took away Boston’s chartered rights, and more. Directly limiting the colonies(P)
Quebec Act
Parliament gave conquered Frenchmen religious( Catholic) freedom and extended Quebec southward
1774
Angered Americans for extending an outsider’s land and angered anti-catholics (P,S)
First Continental Congress
convention in Philadelphia to meet and properly address their complaints over the Intolerable Acts
1774
Men sent several letters to the King and Britishmen. Helped create the Association (P)
The Association
created by the 1st Continental Congress. Called for a complete boycott of British goods
1774
Done with the intent of having Parliament reverse all taxes and return the peace. Parliament rejected this request (P,E)
Lexington and Concord
(Lexington Massacre)
place where British soldiers were sent to seize gunpowder and capture rebels but ended up in battle against the colonial “Minute Men”
1775
100’s died and this was a sign to Britain that they had a war on their hands(P)
Americans’ weaknesses and strengths
-good leaders
-french aid
but…
-disunity
lack of supplies/gunpowder
-unskilled army
Marquis de Lafayette
wealthy Frenchman who aided the U.S in the war
helped the US get the foreign aid that they needed
Imperial strengths and weaknesses
-had money and resources
-big well trained army
- conflict with ireland
- no clear leadership
-britishmen didn’t want to fight colonists
Valley forge
place in Pennsylvania where American soldiers went without food for 3 days
1777-1778
The Continental army was scare with supplies like food, clothing, and weaponry because they usually relied on Britain for such things (E)
Camp followers
groups of women that would follow colonial troops to feed and see for them in exchange for money and rations
1763-175
women played a large role in the American REvolution
Black loyalists
black slaves that were promise freedom if they were loyal to Britain
1775
Supporters of Britain (S,P)
