Chapter 10

Question 1

Bill of Rights

Answer 1

first 10 amendments of the Constitution
1791
Written by James Madison. created from fear that Congress would threaten individual liberties (P)

Question 2

Judiciary Act of 1789

Answer 2

created the first federal courts, including the Supreme Court
1789
building/shaping the republic (P)

Question 3

funding at par

Answer 3

the federal government is to pay national debt at face value and with interest
1790
Hamilton pushed this to boost the national credit (P,E)

Question 4

assumption

Answer 4

the federal government assumes/takes responsibility of states debts
1790
Alexander Hamilton wanted to chain the states more closely to the government

Question 5

Alexander Hamilton

Answer 5

founding father, pushed for assumption, secretary of treasury, founder of the U.S Bank, leader of Federalist party
1755-1804
H. supported strong central gov and was in constant rivalry with Jefferson(P)

Question 6

first tariff law

Answer 6

low tariff on certain imports
1789
Brought in revenue to pay off state debts and also it protected American business (E)

Question 7

strict construction

Answer 7

a literal/ strict interpretation of the Constitution
1791
Thomas Jefferson supported this kind of interpretation and condemned Hamilton to make a bank that was not mentioned in the constitution (P)

Question 8

necessary and proper/ elastic clause

Answer 8

clause into he constitution that allows for Congress to pass laws that are necessary and proper to do the governments job
1791
Hamilton argued that a Bank was necessary and proper. He had believed in a loose construction approach to the constitution (P)

Question 9

Bank of the United States

Answer 9

created by Hamilton and part of his plan to print paper money and act as a depository for federal funds
1791
fueled opposition with Jefferson who said that Bank was unconstitutional (P,E)

Question 10

Whiskey Rebellion

Answer 10

rebellion against the tax on whiskey in Pennsylvania
1791
harshly crushed by federal troops sent by Washington, this proved how strong Washington’s government was

Question 11

Reign of Terror

Answer 11

year of death and chaos during the French Revolution
1793
While any enemies of the Revolution were being beheaded, Federalists in the U.S looked on disapprovingly

Question 12

Neutrality Proclamation

Answer 12

the U.S is neutral in the Anglo-French war. Will not help France
1793
Controversial as Democratic-Republicans wanted to help France and Washington signed this without consulting Congress

Question 13

Battle of Fallen Timbers

Answer 13

battle between General Wayne and the Miami Confederacy
1794
during this battle, the British refused to shelter any fleeing Indians which ended the diplomacy between them and the Indians(P,I)

Question 14

Treaty of Greenville

Answer 14

Treaty between the Miami Confederacy and the U.S
1795
following General Wayne’s victory at the battle of Fallen timbers, the Confederacy gave up much of their land (the Old Northwest) in hopes of gaining a sovereign status (P,I)

Question 15

Jay’s Treaty

Answer 15

to avoid war/ ease any lasting troubles from the Revolutionary war with Britain
1794
US had to pay debts owed to British merchants and British would give up some spots. Very controversial. (P)

Question 16

Pinckney’s Treaty

Answer 16

treaty with Spain and the U.S
1795
Spain- feared an alliance after the Jay’s treaty and granted free navigation in the Mississippi, warehouse rights in New Orleans and western Florida (p)

Question 17

XYZ affair

Answer 17

when 3 American envoys were sent to France to negotiate terms of peace because they were sinking ships but they had to pay a 1/4 of a million bribe before even being allowed to talk business.
1797
afterwards, America began preparations for war. Included creation of Navy department. (p)

Question 18

Convention of 1800

Answer 18

treaty annulling the alliance made between US and France during the Revolutionary war
1800
France was to return stolen Americna ships and Americans were to pay damage claims of Americans (P)

Question 19

Alien laws

Answer 19

anti European immigrant laws pushed by the Federalis party
1798
allowed for the president to deport dangerous foreigners during times of peace and danger. Also raised residency requirements(P,S)

Question 20

Sedition Act

Answer 20

fined/jailed anyone who criticized the government or defied a law
1798
a violation of freedom of speech / press that created by Federalist Congress(P)

Question 21

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

Answer 21

by Jefferson and Madison. In response to the alien and sedition acts, it declared hat States could refuse laws created by the gov.
1798
Only adopted by the 2 States until the supreme court did in 1803 (P)

Question 22

Federalists

Answer 22

political party supporting a strong central gov, protecting the wealthy
1800
rivalry with democratic Republicans

Question 23

excise tax

Answer 23

tax on domestically made goods, including whiskey
1791
This tax was especially controversial. Part of Hamilton’s financial plan to pay off state’s debts