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Chemistry > chapter 7 > Flashcards

chapter 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

why are a few anti-bumping granules added in the sea water before heating it

A

the granules can prevent bumping of sea water during distillation

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2
Q

why is cold water passed into the condenser from the lower opening and leaves from the upper opening

A

to provide a better cooling effect for the water vapour

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3
Q

how to do the flame test for the presence of sodium and chloride in common salt

A

dip a platinum wire or nichrome wire into a small amount of concentrated hydrochloric acidd

put the platinum wire in a blue Bunsen flame and observe the flame colour, no specific flame colour should be observed other than blue

moisten the clean platinum wire with concentrated hydrochloric acid and dip the wire into a crushed sample of the salt to be tested. let the small amount of salt be adhered to the surface of the platinum wire

heat the end of the wire strongly in the blue Bunsen flame and record its flame colour

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4
Q

flame test result of sodium chloride

A

golden yellow

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5
Q

flame test result of sodium carbonate

A

golden yellow

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6
Q

flame test result of potassium chloride

A

lilac

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7
Q

flame test result of potassium carbonate

A

lilac

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8
Q

flame test result of calcium chloride

A

brick-red

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9
Q

flame test result of calcium carbonate

A

brick-red

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10
Q

flame test result of copper(II) chloride

A

bluish green

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11
Q

flame test result of copper(II) carbonate

A

bluish green

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12
Q

how to do the test for chloride ions in common salt (silver nitrate test)

A

put a small amount of magnesium chloride into a test tube

add 5cm3 of distilled water to the test tube to dissolve the sample salt

add about 10 drops of dilute silver nitrate solution followed by 2cm3 (excess amount) of dilute nitrate acid

if white precipitates appear, it indicates the presence of chloride ions in the sample solution

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13
Q

word equation of the reaction of silver nitrate test

A

metal chloride + silver nitrate –> silver chloride + metal nitrate

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14
Q

test for water

A

using anhydrous copper (II) sulphate
the solid changes from white to blue

using dry cobalt(II) chloride paper
the paper turns from blue to pink

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15
Q

what is brine

A

sea water or concentrated sodium chloride solution

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16
Q

use of hydrogen from electrolysis of brine

A

make margarine, ammonia, fertilizers

17
Q

use of chlorine from electrolysis of brine

A

to make PVC (polyvinyl chloride which is a plastic)

18
Q

use of sodium hydroxide solution

A

used in paper industry, treatment of acidic or heavy metal effluents from factories

19
Q

what does marble contain

A

calcium carbonate

20
Q

limestone

A

hard and strong

used in building industry such as making cement

21
Q

chalk

A

slightly softer

used in building industry

22
Q

marble

A

crystalline solid

very hard

used for building statues, monuments, and as floors and walls in some buildings

23
Q

what is calcium oxide known as

A

quicklime

24
Q

what is calcium hydroxide known as

A

slaked lime

25
Q

thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate

A

calcium carbonate —–heat—-> calcium oxide + carbon dioxide

calcium oxide + water —-> calcium hydroxide

26
Q

how to do the test for metal carbonate

A

pour some limewater into a test tube until it is one quarter full

insert a delivery tube into the limewater

put 3 spatula (1.5grams) of calcium carbonate into a boiling tube

measure 10cm3 of dilute hydrochloric acid. add it to the boiling tube and immediately stopper the boiling tube with the cork joined to the delivery tube tube

shake the boiling tube slightly to mix the contents. observe what happens to the reaction mixture and the limewater

27
Q

what can you observe in the boiling tube containing calcium carbonate and dilute hydrochloric acid

A

effervescence occurs and the boiling tube becomes warm

28
Q

what happens to the limewater

A

it turns milky

29
Q

word equation between calcium carbonate and dilute hydrochloric acid

A

calcium carbonate + dilute hydrochloric acid —–> calcium chloride + carbon dioxide + water

30
Q

why has the reaction mixture turned milky

A

the carbon dioxide given out has reacted with calcium hydroxide in limewater to give insoluble calcium carbonate which is white in colour, so the reaction has turned milky

31
Q

word equation for the mixture reaction to turn milky

A

calcium hydroxide solution + carbon dioxide —-> calcium + carbonate + water

32
Q

what is calcium hydroxide solution

A

limewater

Chemistry (12 decks)

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