Chapter 7

Question 1

What are the 6 basic emotions?

Answer 1

1. Joy
2. Anger
3. Fear
4. Sadness
5. Disgust
6. surprise

Question 2

Describe how infants facial expressions are related to emotions

Answer 2

1. Different emotions elicit different physiological responses, when a baby is surprised their eyes widen and the eyebrows raise, while when they smile, their mouth widens and their eyes squint
2. Infants expressions change meaningfully in response to specific events, for example, they smile if their mom smiles at them, if they’re startled they look scared etc

Question 3

What are the 4 types of attachment in Ainsworth’s experiment?

Answer 3

1. Secure attachment
   - the baby may or may not cry when mom leaves and wants to be with her when she comes back
2. Avoidant attachment
   - The baby is not upset when the mom leaves and does not want to be with her when she returns
3. Resistant attachement
   - the baby is upset when the mother leaves and inconsolable when she returns
4. Disorganized attachment
   - the baby is unsure and confused as to what is happening

Question 4

What are the 4 main consequences of Secure attachment ?

Answer 4

1. higher quality friendships with fewer conflicts
2. less behavioral problems
3. Higher quality of social interactions and a larger amount of friends
4. A superior understanding of emotions and regulatory ability to regulate emotions

Question 5

What factors contribute to secure attachment ?

Answer 5

1. When the parents are attentive and responsive to the baby at 3 months of age
2. When children receive consistent attention
3. When mothers received training on monitoring an infants signals

Question 6

What are the 3 types of adult attachment ?

Answer 6

1. Autonomous Adults
   - recall childhood events objectively and both positive and negative aspects of their parents
2. Dismissive adults
   - recall childhood events in general terms, and often idealize their parents
3. Preoccupied adults
   - recall childhood experiences emotionally and express anger or confusion in regards to their relationship with their parents

Question 7

What are the 4 types of child play

Answer 7

1. Nonsocial play
   - the child likes to play alone or will simply watch others play
2. Parallel play
   - the child will play alone but near others while maintaining an interest in what others are doing
3. Simple social play
   - the child interacts socially during play activities
4. Cooperative play
   - play that is organized on a distinct theme where children take on roles or “play pretend”

Question 8

What are the 3 types of temperament ?

Answer 8

1. Easy babies
   - babies are happy, can adjust well in new situations and have regular eating, sleeping and toileting routines
2. Difficult babies
   - babies are unhappy and don’t adjust well in new situations, and have irregular eating, sleeping and toileting routines
3. Slow to warm up
   - unhappy babies that don’t adjust well but remain unresponsive to novel stimuli