chapter 7

Question 1

Wetland

Answer 1

an area of land that is periodically underwater or whose soil contains a great deal of moisture.

Question 2

Plankton

Answer 2

the mass of mostly microscopic organisms that float or drift freely in the waters of aquatic environments.

Question 3

Nekton

Answer 3

all organisms that swim actively in open water, independent of currents.

Question 4

Benthos

Answer 4

organisms that live at the bottom of oceans or bodies of fresh water.

Question 5

littoral zone

Answer 5

a shallow zone in in a freshwater habitat where light reaches the bottom and nurtures plants.

Question 6

Benthic zone

Answer 6

the bottom of oceans or bodies of fresh water.

Question 7

Eutrophication

Answer 7

an increase in the amount of nutrients, such as nitrates, in a marine or aquatic ecosystem.

Question 8

Estuary

Answer 8

an area where fresh water from rivers mixes with salt water from the ocean; the part of a river where the tides meet the river current.

Question 9

Salt marsh

Answer 9

a maritime habitat characterized by grasses, sedges, and other plants that have adapted to continual, periodic flooding; salt marshes are found primarily throughout the temperate and subarctic regions.

Question 10

Mangrove swamp

Answer 10

a tropical or subtropical marine swamp that is characterized by the abundance of low to tall trees, especially mangrove trees.

Question 11

Barrier island

Answer 11

a long ridge of sand or narrow island that lies parallel to the shore.

Question 12

Coral reef

Answer 12

a limestone ridge found in tropical climates and composed of coral fragments that are deposited around organic remains.