Chapter 7-10 Flashcards
what is a safe haven
a safe place where your protected from smoke and heat for a period of time
what is a ric? what is their purpose?
rapid intervention crew, rescue injured or trapped firefighters
your point of no return is based on
a.how many people need to be rescued
b.how many members are on the team
c.the lowest reading on the team
d.the highest reading on the team
c. the lowest reading on the team
class A fire
ordinary combustibles
class b fire
flammable liquids
class c fire
electrical fire
class d
metals
class k fire
kitchen
what is saponification
converts oil and grease fires into a soapy film. used on k fires in kitchens
What is AFFF and what kind of fire is it used for
Aqueous film forming foam intended for class B fires
what does the acronym PASS mean when jt comes to extinguishers
Pull Aim Squeeze Sweep
what is life safety rope used for
designed to be used only for rescue and other emergency operations
what kind of rope can ONLY be used for life safety applications?
Block creel construction
what is utility rope used for
hoisting tools
how do you wash a rope
when does it go out of service
wash with water and detergent. and rinse after. out of service immediately and transferred to utility rope if any abrasions or cuts happen
what is the butt section of a ladder
the bottom of a ladder
what a halyard
a safety rope on the ladder to help keep it at the height it’s at
name some steps of setting up a ladder
heel it, use a heeler. tie it down at the top use other firefighters to help carry and set up
what’s different about a roof ladder
it has hooks on the top of the ladder to stick into place
explain try before you pry
to lower the amount of damage done to a building, your supposed to try opening the door if it’s unlocked you won’t need to force entry
what are the 2 different types of axes used in the fire service
flat head axe and pick head axe
what do we call a flat head axe and a halligan tool?
“irons”
what is a pike pole
used to make holes in roofs for ventilation, search rooms
name 3 striking tools
sledge hammer
flat head axe
battering ram
chisel
pick
what situation would a firefighter call MAYDAY
a.scba malfunction
b.portable radio malfunction
c.encountering hazardous matériels
d.finding unidentified people
scba malfunction
when should you check your scba gauge
when the assigned area is reached, often
why should you always know your point of no return? what does that mean
point of no return is how much you have left in your tank versus how much air you need to make it back out alive. remember to take into account any emergencies or physical barriers on the way back.
name one of the 3 key principles of air management
1.always know how much air you have left
2.know your point of no return
3.inform your ic if you must exit
how do you create a safe haven in a building when doing search and rescue?
closing doors along the highway
how do you draw attention to your location if your stuck
shine a light through available windows to draw attention to your location
what’s an oxygen meter?
a tool used to measure the percent of oxygen in the air
what is a bump test
calibration performed on air monitors to ensure they remain accurate
what’s a thermal imager
tool used to allows firefighters to see sources oh heat in the dark and thick smoke
what is freelance why should you not
its going to try and do your own thing. don’t do it because you don’t know the outside. always follow the incident action plan
what is a primary search
to check the known or likely locations of victims and all affected areas of the structure
whats the difference between a primary search and a secondary search
the secondary search is always a fresh pair of eyes meaning never the same people do it
what is an orientated search method
efficient way for a team to search a room. the leader remains at the doorway
what’s a wide area search method
used to conduct a primary search of a large area
what does VEIS stand for
vent
enter
isolate
search
when is VEIS used?
when there is a credible report of possible victims in survivable areas of a structure
When is MAYDAY used? what are the steps
when a fire fighter is in immediate danger, call the supervisor, then activate pass alarm
What is the RIC and what do they do?
Rapid intervention crew. dispatched to locate the downed firefighter
what part of the wall/doors/stairs are you supposed to place straps and markers? what are they used for?
lower 1/3 and they are used for rooms that have already been searched
what do you do when you find a fire in a room during a search and rescue
close the door and report it to ic
where are you supposed to look when you enter a room during a search and rescue for victims?
under windows or behind doors. they could be trying to escape and pass out pass second due to smoke.
what is the definition for tactical ventilation
tactical ventilation is the planned,systematic, and coordinated removal of heated air,smoke,gas contaminants from a structure
T of F
Keeping an exterior door closed before having a charged line is better then opening the door and waiting for the line to be charged
true
T of F
the longer the structure is allowed to ventilate without water, the sooner a flashover can happen
true
what is the primary mode of heat transfer from room to room in a structure
convection
T OR F
tactical ventilation can be an effective strategy only if coordinated with an immediate fire attack
True
name 2 benefits that ventilation has for firefighters
increased oxygen concentration
reduced toxic products of combustion
reduced temperature levels
increased visibility
Why do we still ventilate after a fire is already put out
minimizes smoke damage to a property
what are the 2 assumptions we should make when ventilating about the building?
1.the structure itself consists of lightweight construction
2.the fire in the structure is ventilation-limited
what speed of wind should firefighters begin working with the wind at their backs during ventilation
as low as 15kph. fire fighters should almost always work with the wind at their back.
which type of heat transfer can ignite nearby structures and vegetation if embers aloft?
convection
what things are helpful before ventilating
knowing where to ventilate
knowing where the fire is
knowing the buildings layout
name some tools used for ventilation
axes
power saws
chain saws
pike poles
what is natural horizontal ventilation
when you use atmospheric conditions such as natural air flow to your advantage
which side of the buildings windows should you break first during natural ventilation
the down wind side so not too much pressure is built up
what is mechanical ventilation?
using fans,blowers,smoke ejectors
what does creating negative pressure mean
means artificially lowering the pressure inside the structure so that fresh air from outside moves in more quickly
what is positive pressure
artificially raising the pressure inside the structure so that smoke and fuel gases move towards outside the building faster
what is overhaul?
firefighters going into the building after the fire to make sure it is completely put out
what is hydraulic ventilation
firefighters use a hose inside the contaminated area and spray out the window to create a vacuum
what do you do before hoisting a tool up a building
power tools should be started on the ground to ensure operation and then shut off before being hoisted
what do you do before stepping onto the building for vertical ventilation?
check the roofs structural integrity
check each step
whats the sign of a roof about to collapse?
ac unit sinking into the roof
how many rungs should the ladder be above the roof before you get onto the roof
3 rungs
how do you open the ceiling below the roof?
using a pike pole and striking the ground/ceiling to create holes
where is the ideal location for vertical ventilation?
closer to the top and center on the downwind side so less air is brought into the structure
what is a kerf cut and what is it used for?
it is an inspection hole. used to see if smoke or flame is coming from the cut
what are the two types of primary inspection holes
the kerf cut and the triangle cut
what is the triangle cut used for?
to provide a better view of conditions under meath the roof
T OF F
when making the actual cuts for an exhaust opening in any type of roof, ventilation openings must be large enough the match the fire
true
what is a trench cut and what is its purpose
defensible line ahead of the fires spread. used to have some windows to vent and some to spray water into
why are basement fires so dangerous for firefighters
limited ventilation especially when there are no windows.
where are life safety considerations a higher priority in a building?
high rise buildings such as hospitals apartments due to high occupants
what is stack affect
creating an upward draft and interfering with evacuation and ventilation. smoke goes to the top and spreads
when are hard suction supply hoses used
when drafting from a static water supply due to the extra pressure needed and prevents hose from collapsing on itself
what’s a higbee indicator
marks on the couplings where you connect the hoses to prevent cross threading
what’s a female end vs the male end of a hose line
male end hose with the threading showing fits inside the end with the hole
what tools are used to take hoses appart if the hose is too tight
spanner wrenches
what are modern day couplings called? why are they better and more efficient
storz because they don’t have threads so no way to cross thread. also much quicker and easier to understand
what do you do when a fire hose has been exposed to oil or excessive dust and dirt? do you use soap?
use scrub brushes and a mild soap. always follow sop’s and manufacturer recommendations. rinse thoroughly with clean water
should fire hose be dried before being stored?
yes
NFPA 1001
Firefighter 1
NFPA 1002
Driver apparatus/firefighter 2
NFPA 1500
occupational health and safety
NFPA 1072
dangerous goods
NFPA 1041
instructor
NFPA 1051
wildland
NFPA 1035
public education
NFPA 1981
SCBA
NFPA 1982
PASS
NFPA 1983
life safety rope
NFPA 1971
PPE
NFPA 1851
care of ppe
NFPA 1977
wildland gear
NFPA 1975
station/work uniform
NFPA 1901
automotive fire apparatus
NFPA 1931
Ladders
NFPA 1962
fire hose test
what are carbon dioxide extinguishers used for
b and c type fires
what is gas cooling?
gas cooling is a way or reducing heat release from the hot gas layer
what is a direct attack?
using a solid stream or straight steam directly onto a free burning fire
what’s an indirect attack
can be made from inside or outside a structure. indirect means hitting the ceiling to cool the whole room.
what’s a combination attack
using a combination of direct and indirect attack at the same time
what’s a transitional attack?
used an exterior attack through a ventilation opening. reduces potential for flashover
