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Nursing 142 > Chapter 67 > Flashcards

Chapter 67 Flashcards

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0
Q

What is a short-arm cast?

A

Extends from elbow to palmar crease, secured at base of thumb. When the thumb is included, it is a thumb spica or gauntlet cast.

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1
Q

What a cast?

A

A rigid external immobilizing device.

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2
Q

What is a long-arm cast?

A

Extends from axilla to palmar crease.

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3
Q

What is a short-leg cast?

A

Extends from knee to base of toes.

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4
Q

What is a long-leg cast?

A

Extends from junction of upper and middle thigh to base of toes.

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5
Q

What is a walking cast?

A

He short or long leg cast reinforced for strength.

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6
Q

What is a body cast?

A

It encircles the trunk.

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7
Q

What is a shoulder spica cast?

A

The body jacket that encloses the trunk shoulder and elbow.

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8
Q

What is a hip spica cast?

A

It encloses the trunk and lower extremities.

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9
Q

What are fiberglass casts?

A

They are casts that are lighter weight stronger and more durable than plaster casts.

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10
Q

What are plaster casts?

A

They are cheaper and more easy to mold but are not as durable and take longer to dry.

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11
Q

What are splints used for?

A

Conditions that don’t require rigid immobilization.

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12
Q

What are braces used for?

A

Support, control movement and prevent additional injury.

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13
Q

Why should unrelieved pain be reported to the physician immediately?

A

To avoid paralysis and necrosis.

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14
Q

What is compartment syndrome?

A

A life-threatening and limb threatening condition, when there is insufficient blood supply to muscles and nerves due to increased pressure within a compartment such as an arm or a leg or any enclosed space within the body.

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15
Q

How can braces or casts cause pressure ulcers?

A

Tissue anoxia may lead to tissue breakdown and necrosis.

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16
Q

What is disuse syndrome?

A

Muscle atrophy due to immobilization in a cast.

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17
Q

What are some important components of teaching the patient self-care?

A

Participation in self-care and safe use of assistive devices. Identifying areas of self-care deficit and participating in plans to improve independence.

18
Q

How does the nurse help prepare the patient for cast removal?

A

By teaching the patient about cast removal, and about care or the limb once the cast has been removed and how to gradually resume normal activity level.

19
Q

How does the nurse help manage a patient with an immobilized upper extremity?

A

Elevate the arm on pillows when the patient is lying down, and the use of a sling when the patient is ambulating. Frequent neurovascular assessments are done.

20
Q

How does the nurse help manage a patient with an immobilized lower extremity?

A

The leg is supported on pillows at heart level to help control swelling. The patient is taught to elevate the immobilized leg while sitting. Frequent neurovascular assessments are done.

21
Q

How does a nurse manager patient in a body cast or spica cast?

A

Preparing and positioning the client, assisting with self-care and hygiene, and monitoring for cast syndrome.

22
Q

How can a patient in a body cast or spica cast assist in their repositioning?

A

By using a trapeze bar or the side rails.

23
Q

What does the nurse monitor for when assessing for possible cast syndrome?

A

Bowel sounds, abdominal distention, nausea and vomiting

24
Q

What are external fixators?

A

They areused to manage open fractures with soft tissue damage.

25
Q

How often does the nurse do neurovascular assessments?

A

Every 2 to 4 hours.

26
Q

Who adjusts the clamps on the external fixator frame?

A

The doctor.

27
Q

What is traction?

A

The application of pulling force to a part of the body.

28
Q

What are some of principles of traction?

A

▪️ It must be continuous to be effective

▪️ The patient must be in good body alignment in the center of the bed

29
Q

What are some types of traction?

A

▪️ skin traction

30
Q

What are some nursing interventions for Buck’s traction?

A

Ensuring effective traction by avoiding wrinkling and slippage of the traction bandage, as well as monitoring for potential complications.

31
Q

What are some complications with Buck’s traction?

A

▪️ skin breakdown
▪️ nerve damage
▪️ circulatory impairment

32
Q

What is skeletal traction?

A

Traction applied directly to the bone.

33
Q

What are some nursing interventions with skeletal traction?

A 
▪️ maintaining effective traction
▪️ preventing skin breakdown
▪️ monitoring neurovascular status
▪️ providing pin site care
▪️ promoting exercise
34
Q

What are some important aspects of nursing care for patient with traction?

A

▪️ assessing anxiety
▪️ assisting with self-care
▪️ monitoring and managing potential complicate

35
Q

What are some common complications with traction?

A

▪️ atelectasis and pneumonia
▪️ constipation and anorexia
▪️ urinary stasis and infection
▪️ venous thromboembolism

36
Q

What is open reduction with internal fixation?

A

A surgical procedure that involves exposing the bone and using hardware to fix it.

37
Q

What are some nursing interventions with joint replacement?

A

▪️ preventing infection
▪️ promoting ambulation
▪️ post-operatively evaluate cardiovascular, respiratory, renal and hepatic function

38
Q

What are nursing interventions with hip replacement?

A 
▪️ preventing dislocation of the hip prosthesis 
▪️ keeping the legs abducted
▪️ monitoring wound drainage
▪️ venting deep vein thrombosis
▪️ preventing infection
39
Q

What are some nursing interventions with knee replacement surgery?

A

▪️ neurovascular assessment of the leg
▪️ encourage active every hour flexion when patient is awake
▪️ monitor wound drainage device

40
Q

What is a continuous passive motion device?

A

The patient’s leg is placing the device, which increases circulation and range of motion of the knee joint.

41
Q

What should the nurse focus on when doing the post operative assessment after orthopedic surgery?

A

Hydration status, medication history and possibility of infection.

42
Q

What are some priorities of nursing care for the orthopedic post-operative patient?

A

▪️ pain management
▪️ maintaining adequate neurovascular function
▪️ promoting health
▪️ improving mobility
▪️ helping the patient maintain self-esteem
▪️ monitoring for potential complications

43
Q

What are some complications in the post-operative orthopedic patient?

A 
▪️ hypovolemic shock
▪️ atelectasis and pneumonia
▪️ urinary retention
▪️ infection
▪️ thromboembolism and DVT
▪️ constipation

Nursing 142 (11 decks)

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