Chapter 65: CAP, AP and Non Infectious Pulmonary Infiltrates

Question 1

Acute pulmonary infection in a patient who is not
hospitalized or residing in a long-term care facility
≥14 d before presentation

Answer 1

Community-acquired pneumonia

Question 2

New infection occurring ≥48 h after hospital
admission

Answer 2

Hospital-acquired pneumonia

Question 3

New infection occurring ≥48 h after endotracheal
intubation

Answer 3

Ventilator-acquired pneumonia

Question 4

• Patients hospitalized for ≥2 d within the past 90 d Nursing home/long term care residents
• Patients receiving home IV antibiotic therapy
• Dialysis patients
• Patients receiving
  chronic wound care
• Patients receiving chemotherapy
  -Immunocompromised patients

Answer 4

Healthcare–associated pneumonia

Question 5

typical regimen for patients admitted to the hospital with CAP (pnuemococcal pneumonia)

Answer 5

third-generation cephalosporin
and a macrolide

Question 6

Herpes labialis is occasionally associated with what etiologic agent

Answer 6

Klebsiella pneumonia

Question 7

Etiologic agent to be considered in patients with sickle cell disease

Answer 7

Haemophilus influenzae

Question 8

Etiologic agent commonly complicated by GI symptoms (abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea)

Answer 8

Legionella

Question 9

Etiologic agent may be linked to adult - onset asthma

Answer 9

Chlamydia pneumonia

Question 10

First line treatment for Q fever (Coxiella burnetii)

Answer 10

Doxycycline or respiratory quinolines

Question 11

Most common pathogen causing pneumonia in alcoholics

Answer 11

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 12

most common cause of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in pregnant women

Answer 12

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia

Question 13

TRUE or FALSE: Elderly patients are less likely to be afebrile on presentation

Answer 13

FALSE (Elderly patients with pneumonia may present with falls, weakness, tremulousness, functional decline, GI symptoms, and delirium or confusion)

Question 14

Poor prognostic indicators for pneumonia in the elderly include

Answer 14

• hypothermia or a temperature >38.3°C (100.9°F)
• leukopenia
• immunosuppression
• gram-negative or staphylococcal infection
• cardiac disease
• bilateral infiltrates
• extrapulmonary disease

Question 15

most common cause of bacterial pneumonia in patients with HIV

Answer 15

S. Pneumoniae

Question 16

Pneumocystis pneumonia is more likely when then CD4+ count is ___

Answer 16

< 200 cell/mm3

ADDTL:
Bacterial infections: >800 cells/mm3

M. tuberculosis, Cryptococcus neoformans or Histoplasma capsulatum: 250 and 500 cells/mm3

Question 17

Bacterial pneumonia is common in patients receiving what organs during the first 3 months after transplant surgery

Answer 17

Liver, heart or lung

Question 18

Antibiotic treatment for Aspiration pneumonia

Answer 18

• Clindamycin
• Carbapenem
• ampicillin-sulbactam
• moxifloxacin