Chapter 64: Acute Bronchitis and Upper Respiratory Tract Infections

Question 1

What respiratory viruses are the most common documented causative agent in acute bronchitis?

Answer 1

• Influenza A and B
• Parainfluenza
• RSV
• Coronovirus
• Adenovirus
• Rhinovirus

Question 2

Most common bacterial isolates in Acute Bronchitis

Answer 2

• Streptococcus pneumoniae
• Haemophilus influenzae

Question 3

routine use of what drug class should be avoided in acute bronchitis

Answer 3

B - agonists (use if with evidence of airflow obstruction)

Question 4

most common causal agent for common cold

Answer 4

Rhinovirus

Question 5

TRUE OR FALSE: Cough and cold preparations are associated with harm in young children and should be avoided in children age 6 years or younger.

Answer 5

TRUE

Question 6

TRUE or FALSE: Anti viral treatment for influenza infection within 72 hours of symptom onset shortens the duration of influenza symptoms

Answer 6

FALSE: within 48 hours
BUT INCREASES the risk of nausea, vomiting and psychiatric symptoms

Question 7

TRUE or FALSE: There is no lifelong immunity after a clinical episode of pertussis

Answer 7

TRUE

Question 8

Definitive diagnosis for Pertussis

Answer 8

Polymerase chain reaction of nasopharyngeal secretions or serologic detection of antibodies

Question 9

Treatment for Pertussis (TREATMENT is best started in the first week. After that, antibiotic does not alter the duration of cough)

Answer 9

• Azithromycin 500 mg PO on day 1 and 250 mg PO on days 2 to 5
• Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole 160 mg/800 mg twice a day for 14 days (check renal dosing)