Chapter 64: Acute Bronchitis and Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Flashcards
Self-limited respiratory infection causing inflam- mation of the large airways characterized by cough without evidence of pneumonia
Acute bronchitis
Infection of the upper respiratory tract, primarily affecting the nasal mucosa causing congestion, rhinorrhea, and sneezing
Common colds
A respiratory illness with fever, myalgias, cough, and fatigue.
Influenza
Most common causative agents of acute bronchitis?
Viruses
Most common bacterial isolates in acute bronchitis?
H. influenza and S. pneumoniae
How many days of symptoms for you to consider acute bronchitis?
more than 5 days to 4 weeks
To differentiate bacterial from viral etiology of lower respiratory infections? What will you order?
calcitonin and rapid point-of-care molecular viral testing
Patient with acute bronchitis should avoid B2-agonist except?
with evidence of airflow obstruction (wheezing)
use to provide modest relief of cough with acute bronchitis
Benzonatate and guiafenesin
When is the peak activity of common colds?
Autumn months (up to 8 times in children)
Most common causative agent of common colds
Rhinovirus
What is the incubation period of common colds?
10-12 hours
Topical nasal decongestants that provide moderate benefit in reducing nasal airway resistance in common colds
Oxymetazoline
At what age were you able to give cough and colds preparations without harm?
more than 6 years old
This etiologic agent can cause seasonal, endemic, and pandemic infections of influenza
Orthomyxoviridae
This etiologic agent account for most seasonal influenza epidemic
Influenza viruses A and B
What is the incubation period of influenza?
1-4 days
Complications of influenza
- Bacterial pneumonia
- Viral pneumonia
- Severe hypoxemic respiratory failure
Prominent symptoms of influenza?
Fever and intense myalgia
When is the testing for influenza is preferred?
onset of symptoms and use swab or aspirates
What type of obese is at higher risk for complications of influenza infection?
morbidly obese (BMI =/>40kg/m2)
What age group is at higher risk for complications of influenza infection?
Children <5y (especially <2y) and adults =/>65y
Neuraminidase inhibitors for influenza A and B
- Oral oseltamivir 75mg bid x 5 days
- Inhaled zanamivir 10mg bid x 5 days
- Intravenous peramivir 600mg tiv single dose
Antivirus approved in 2018 that inhibits endonuclease involved in viral RNA replication
Baloxavir 40mg/tab single dose then 2 tabs OD if patient weighs over 80kg