Chapter 6.2

Question 1

Bio-indigo

Answer 1

environmentally friendly way to dye jeans

Question 2

Tryptophan

Answer 2

molecule that can be converted into indigo in a series of steps

Question 3

Biotechnology

Answer 3

the use of organisms to make useful products

Question 4

Genetic engineering

Answer 4

the intentional production of new genes and alteration of genomes by substituting or introducing new genetic matieral

Question 5

Recombinant DNA technology

Answer 5

combines genes from different sources into a single DNA molecule

Question 6

Plasmid

Answer 6

small circular DNA molecule in bacteria

Question 7

Recombinant plasmid

Answer 7

combination of original plasmid and desired DNA

Question 8

Sticky-ends

Answer 8

single-stranded portion of DNA fragment that can bind to a complementary sequence

Question 9

DNA ligase

Answer 9

the enzyme that pastes sticky ends together (plasmid and desired DNA)

Question 10

Gene cloning

Answer 10

process of putting a recombinant plasmid into a bacteria cell to make copies of that particular gene

Question 11

Transformation

Answer 11

bacteria picking up naked DNA from surroundings

Question 12

What is bio-indigo?

Answer 12

environmentally friendly, energy-efficient way to dye genes

Question 13

How does bio-indigo work?

Answer 13

tryptophan and gene from soil bacterium E.coli used
- soil bacteria completes conversion of tryptophan to indigo

Question 14

Example of biotechnology

Answer 14

used to produce vaccines, antibiotics, hormones

Question 15

What does genetic engineering do?

Answer 15

• increases genetic variation
• can help humans meet specific needs in agriculture /medicine

Question 16

What is genetic recombination

Answer 16

bacteria can be used to produce useful genes and proteins

Question 17

Ways that bacteria recombines

Answer 17

• viruses carry bacterial genes from one cell to another
• bacteria pick up pieces of DNA from surroundings

Question 18

How do bacteria naturally transfer

Answer 18

• plasmid separate from bacterial cell
• plasmid makes a copy of itself
• sharing genes in bacteria = passing copy of plasmid
• plasmids transfer genes for survival traits

Question 19

“Cutting” recombinant plasmid

Answer 19

• DNA cut out of DNA molecules using restriction enzymes and make staggered cuts
• leaves single-stranded DNA at ends of fragment

Question 20

“Pasting”

Answer 20

• complementary stick-ends of DNA fragments (one from desired gene, one from plasmid)
• joined by base-pairing
• ligase make DNA fragments join by base pairing