Chapter 61-62 Flashcards
when a patient is not oriented, does not follow commands, or needs persistent stimuli to achieve a state of alertness
Altered level of consciousness (LOC)
unresponsiveness to the environment; the patient makes no movement or sound but sometimes opens the eyes
akinetic mutism
irreversible loss of all functions of the entire brain, including the brain stem
Brain death
prolonged state of unconsciousness
Coma
the brain’s attempt to restore blood flow by increasing arterial pressure to overcome the increased intracranial pressure
Crushing’s response
an abnormal body posture associated with severe brain injury, characterized by extreme extension of the upper and lower extremities
Decerebration
an abnormal posture associated with severe brain injury, characterized by abnormal flexion of the upper extremities and extension of the lower extremities
Decortication
an acute, confused state that begins with disorientation and if not recognized and treated early can progress to changes in level of consciousness, irreversible brain damage, and Sometimes death
Delirium
broad term for a syndrome characterized by a general decline in higher brain functioning, such as reasoning, with a pattern of eventual decline in the ability to perform even basic activities of daily living, such as toileting and eating
Dementia
at least two unprovoked seizures occurring more than 24 hours apart
Epilepsy
abnormal protrusion of tissue through a defect or natural opening
Herniation
pressure exerted by the volume of the intracranial contents within the Cranial vault
Intracranial pressure (ICP)
condition resulting from a lesion in the pons in which the patient lacks all
distal motor activity (paralysis but cognition is intact
Locked-in syndrome
a severe, unrelenting headache often accompanied by symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and visual disturbances
Migraine
a state in which the patient demonstrates awareness but cannot communicate thoughts or feelings
Minimally conscious state
theory that states that due to limited space for expansion within the skull, an increase in any one of the cranial contents-brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CS)-causes a change in the volume of the others
Monro-kellie hypothesis
condition in which the patient is wakeful but devoid of conscious content, without cognitive or affective mental function
Persistent vegetative state
a headache for which no specific organic cause can be found
Primary headache
emotional disturbance characterized by uncontrollable episodes of crying or laughing, or other emotional displays
Pseudobulbar affect
headache identified as a symptom of another organic disorder (e.g., brain
tumor, hypertension)
Secondary headache
paroxysmal transient disturbance of the brain resulting from a discharge of abnormal electrical activity
Seizures
episode in which the patient experiences multiple seizures with no recovery time in between
Status epilepticus
nontraumatic, nondrowning unexpected death
of patient with epilepsy
Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP)
surgical approach to the pituitary via the sphenoid sinuses
transsphenoidal
