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IFSTA Pumping Apparatus Driver/Operator > Chapter 6 What is Water and Where Does It Come From > Flashcards

Chapter 6 What is Water and Where Does It Come From Flashcards

1
Q

Water is a compound of hydrogen and oxygen formed when:

A

two hydrogen atoms combine with one oxygen atom.

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2
Q

Water exists in a liquid state between:

A

32ºF and 212ºF (0ºC and 100ºC)

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3
Q

Water converts to a solid state (ice) below:

A

32ºF (0ºC)

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4
Q

Water converts to steam above:

A

212ºF (100ºC)

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5
Q

Water is lightest close to its boiling point – weighing approximately:

A

60 lb/ft3 (0.96 kg/L).

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6
Q

For fire protection purposes, ordinary fresh water is generally considered to weigh:

A

8.33 lb/gal (1kg/L)

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7
Q

What is specific heat?

A

A measure of the heat-absorbing capacity of a substance

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8
Q

What unit is used to measure amounts of heat transfer?

A

British thermal unit (Btu) or joule (J)

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9
Q

What is a Btu?

A

The heat required to raise the temperature of 1 pound of water 1ºF

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10
Q

What unit of measurement has the joule taken the place of in the SI (International System of Units)?

A

Calorie

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11
Q

The latent heat of vaporization is:

A

The quantity of heat absorbed by a substance when it changes from a liquid to a vapor

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12
Q

What is the name for the temperature at which a liquid absorbs enough heat to change to a vapor?

A

Boiling point

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13
Q

Vaporization does not completely occur at boiling point. Each pound of water requires approximately ___ Btu (kJ) of additional heat to completely convert into steam.

A

970 Btu (1 023 kJ)

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14
Q

Approximately how much does water expand beyond its original volume when converted to steam at 212ºF (100ºC)?

A

1,700 times

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15
Q

The speed with which water absorbs heat increases in proportion to:

A

the water surface exposed to the heat.

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16
Q

Steam expansion is ___ inside a burning building.

A

rapid

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17
Q

What is specific gravity?

A

The density of liquids in relation to water

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18
Q

What kinds of liquids are lighter than water and therefore float on water?

A

Those with a specific gravity less than 1

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19
Q

What kinds of liquids are heavier than water and sink to the bottom?

A

Those with a specific gravity greater than 1

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20
Q

Most flammable liquids have a specific gravity of:

A

less than 1

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21
Q

How much pressure is required to reduce the volume of water one percent?

A

30,000 psi (210 000 kPa)

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22
Q

Friction loss in a system ___ as the length of hose or piping ___.

A

increases/increases

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23
Q

Flow pressure will always be ___ near the supply source and ___ at the farthest point in the system.

A

greatest/lowest

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24
Q

If an opening is made directly at the hydrant, as opposed to the nozzle, the flow will be much ___ at a ___ pressure.

A

greater/higher

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25
Q

If velocity is increased beyond practical limits, the friction becomes so great that resistance agitates the entire stream, creating:

A

critical velocity.

26
Q

What is water hammer?

A

The sudden stopping of water moving through a hose or pipe resulting in an energy surge being transmitted in the opposite direction, often at many times the original pressure

27
Q

Close nozzles, hydrants, valves, and hose clamps ___ to prevent water hammer.

A

slowly

28
Q

Equip apparatus inlets and remote outlets with ___ to prevent damage to equipment.

A

pressure relief devices

29
Q

High-volume systems should be protected with:

A

dump valves.

30
Q

Where can the primary water supply be obtained?

A

Surface water or groundwater

31
Q

Which of the following is NOT a means of moving water?

A

A. Gravity system
B. Treatment system*
C. Combination system
D. Direct pumping system

32
Q

Which means of moving water uses one or more pumps that take water from the primary source and discharge it through the filtration and treatment processes?

A

Direct pumping system

33
Q

Which means of moving water uses a primary water source located at a higher elevation than the distribution system?

A

Gravity system

34
Q

What is the fire department’s main concern regarding treatment facilities?

A

hat a maintenance error, natural disaster, loss of power supply, or fire could disable the pumping stations

35
Q

From where does the water supply distribution system receive water?

A

From the pumping station

36
Q

When water flows through pipes, its movement causes friction that results in a reduction of pressure. There is much less pressure loss in a water distribution system when fire hydrants are supplied:

A

from two or more directions.

37
Q

A fire hydrant that receives water from only one direction is known as a:

A

dead-end hydrant.

38
Q

A fire hydrant that receives water from two or more directions is known as a:

A

looped line.

39
Q

A distribution system that provides circulating feed from several mains constitutes a:

A

grid system.

40
Q

___ are large pipes (mains) with relatively widespread spacing, that convey large quantities of water to various points of the system for local distribution to the smaller mains.

A

Primary feeders

41
Q

___ make up a network of intermediate-sized pipes that reinforce the grid within the various loops of the primary feeder system and aid the concentration of the required fire flow at any point.

A

Secondary feeders

42
Q

___ make up a grid arrangement of smaller mains serving individual fire hydrants and blocks of consumers.

A

Distributors

43
Q

To ensure sufficient water, two or more primary feeders should run from the source of supply to the ___ districts of the community by separate routes.

A

high-risk and industrial

44
Q

In residential areas, the recommended size for fire hydrant supply mains is at least 6 inches (150 mm) in diameter. These should be closely gridded by 8-inch (200 mm) cross-connecting mains at intervals of not more than:

A

600 feet (180 m).

45
Q

In the business and industrial districts, the minimum recommended size is a(n) ___ main with cross-connecting mains every 600 feet (180 m).

A

8-inch (200 mm)

46
Q

___ mains may be used on principal streets and in long mains not cross-connected at frequent intervals.

A

12-inch (300 mm)

47
Q

Water mains as large as ___ may be found in major cities.

A

48 inches (1.2 m)

48
Q

What is the function of a valve in a water distribution system?

A

To provide a means for controlling the flow of water through the distribution piping

49
Q

Valves should be operated at least ___ to keep them in good condition.

A

once a year

50
Q

Valve spacing should be such that:

A

only a minimum length of pipe is out of service at one time.

51
Q

Which type of valve shows whether the gate or valve seat is open, closed, or partially closed?

A

Indicating valve

52
Q

Which type of valve is a hollow metal post that is attached to the valve housing?

A

Post indicator valve

53
Q

Which type of valve has a yoke on the outside with a threaded stem that controls the gate’s opening or closing?

A

Outside screw and yoke

54
Q

Which types of valves are the most common types of valves used on most public water distribution systems?

A

Nonindicating valves

55
Q

Valves that are only partially open cause:

A

high friction loss.

56
Q

Which of the following is NOT a material commonly used to make water pipes?

A

A. Steel*
B. Plastic
C. Concrete
D. Cast iron

57
Q

Friction loss of pipes is most frequently increased by:

A

encrustation of minerals on the interior surfaces of the pipe.

58
Q

Friction loss can be reduced by:

A

flushing hydrants periodically.

59
Q

Private water supply systems are NOT normally found on:

A

fire protection properties.

60
Q

Which of the following statements about private water supply systems is FALSE?

A

A. Private water supply systems are most often found in residential developments.*
B. The design of private water supply systems is typically similar to that of municipal systems.
C. Private water supply systems may service one large building or a series of buildings on the complex.
D. Most private water supply systems separate piping for fire protection and domestic/industrial services.

IFSTA Pumping Apparatus Driver/Operator (17 decks)

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