Chapter 6 Vocab Flashcards

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1
Q

The central administration of the Roman Catholic Church, of which the pope is the head

A

Papacy

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2
Q

A period of intense artistic and intellectual activity, said to be a “rebirth” of Greco-Roman culture. Usually divided into an Italian one (mid 14th to mid 15th), and a Northern one (early 15th to early 17th)

A

Renaissance

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3
Q

The forgiveness of the punishment due for past sins, granted by the Catholic Church authorities as a reward for a pious act. Martin Luther’s protest against the sale of these is often seen as touching off the Protestant Revolution

A

Indulgences

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4
Q

Religious reform movement begun within the Latin Christian Church in 1519. It resulted in the “protesters” forming several new Christian denominations, including the Lutheran and Reformed Churches and the Church of England

A

Protestant Reformation

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5
Q

Religious reform movement within the Latin Christian Church, begun in response to the Protestant Reformation. It clarified Catholic theology and reformed clerical training and discipline

A

Catholic Reformation (also known as the Counter Reformation)

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6
Q

The pursuit of people suspected of witchcraft, especially in northern Europe in the late 16th and 17th centuries

A

Witch-hunts

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7
Q

The intellectual movement in Europe, initially associated with planetary motion and other aspects of physics, that by the 17th century had laid the groundwork for modern science

A

Scientific Revolution

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8
Q

A philosophical movement in 18th century Europe that fostered the belief that one could reform society by discovering rational laws that governed social behavior and were just as scientific as the laws of physics

A

Enlightenment

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9
Q

(1642-1629) A conflict over royal vs parliamentary rights, caused by King Charles I’s arrest of parliamentary critics and ending with his execution in 1649. Its outcome checked the growth of royal absolutism and, with the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and the English Bill of Rights of 1689, ensured that England would be a constitutional monarchy

A

English Civil War

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10
Q

The policy in international relations by which, beginning in the 18th century, the major European states acted together to prevent any one of them from becoming too powerful

A

Balance of Power

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11
Q

Last in a series of 12 descendants of Muhammad’s son-in-law Ali, whom Shi’ites consider divinely appointed leaders of the Muslim community. In occlusion since roughly 873, he is expected to return as a messiah at the end of time

A

Hidden Imam

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12
Q

Members of a mainly Hindu warrior caste from northwest India. The Mughal emperors drew most of their Hindu officials from this caste, and Akbar married a princess of this caste

A

Rajputs

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