Chapter 6 Vocab

Question 1

The central administration of the Roman Catholic Church, of which the pope is the head

Answer 1

Papacy

Question 2

A period of intense artistic and intellectual activity, said to be a “rebirth” of Greco-Roman culture. Usually divided into an Italian one (mid 14th to mid 15th), and a Northern one (early 15th to early 17th)

Answer 2

Renaissance

Question 3

The forgiveness of the punishment due for past sins, granted by the Catholic Church authorities as a reward for a pious act. Martin Luther’s protest against the sale of these is often seen as touching off the Protestant Revolution

Answer 3

Indulgences

Question 4

Religious reform movement begun within the Latin Christian Church in 1519. It resulted in the “protesters” forming several new Christian denominations, including the Lutheran and Reformed Churches and the Church of England

Answer 4

Protestant Reformation

Question 5

Religious reform movement within the Latin Christian Church, begun in response to the Protestant Reformation. It clarified Catholic theology and reformed clerical training and discipline

Answer 5

Catholic Reformation (also known as the Counter Reformation)

Question 6

The pursuit of people suspected of witchcraft, especially in northern Europe in the late 16th and 17th centuries

Answer 6

Witch-hunts

Question 7

The intellectual movement in Europe, initially associated with planetary motion and other aspects of physics, that by the 17th century had laid the groundwork for modern science

Answer 7

Scientific Revolution

Question 8

A philosophical movement in 18th century Europe that fostered the belief that one could reform society by discovering rational laws that governed social behavior and were just as scientific as the laws of physics

Answer 8

Enlightenment

Question 9

(1642-1629) A conflict over royal vs parliamentary rights, caused by King Charles I’s arrest of parliamentary critics and ending with his execution in 1649. Its outcome checked the growth of royal absolutism and, with the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and the English Bill of Rights of 1689, ensured that England would be a constitutional monarchy

Answer 9

English Civil War

Question 10

The policy in international relations by which, beginning in the 18th century, the major European states acted together to prevent any one of them from becoming too powerful

Answer 10

Balance of Power

Question 11

Last in a series of 12 descendants of Muhammad’s son-in-law Ali, whom Shi’ites consider divinely appointed leaders of the Muslim community. In occlusion since roughly 873, he is expected to return as a messiah at the end of time

Answer 11

Hidden Imam

Question 12

Members of a mainly Hindu warrior caste from northwest India. The Mughal emperors drew most of their Hindu officials from this caste, and Akbar married a princess of this caste

Answer 12

Rajputs