Chapter 5 Vocab

Question 1

Islamic state founded by Osman in northwestern Anatolia around 1300. After the fall of the Byzantine Empire, it was based at Constantinople (today Istanbul) from 1453 to 1922. It encompassed lands in the Middle East, North Africa, the Caucasus, and eastern Europe

Answer 1

The Ottoman Empire

Question 2

Iranian kingdom (1502-1722) established by Ismail Safavi, who declared Iran a Shi’ite state

Answer 2

Safavid Empire

Question 3

A people, language, kingdom, and empire in western Sudan in West Africa. At it’s height in the sixteenth century, this Muslim empire stretched from the Atlantic to the land of the Hausa and was a major player in the trans-Saharan trade

Answer 3

Songhai

Question 4

An agricultural and trading people of central Sudan in West Africa. Aside from their brief incorporation into the Songhai Empire, these city-states remained autonomous until the Sokoto Caliphate conquered them in the early 19th century

Answer 4

Hausa

Question 5

Infantry, originally of slave origin, armed with firearms and constituting the elite of the Ottoman army from the 15th century until the corps was abolished in 1826

Answer 5

Janissaries

Question 6

The most illustrious sultan of the Ottoman Empire (r. 1520-1566); also known as “The Lawgiver.” He significantly expanded the empire in the Balkans and eastern Mediterranean

Answer 6

Suleiman the Magnificent

Question 7

Muslims belonging to the branch of Islam believing that God vests leadership of the community in a descendant of Muhammad’s son-in-law Ali. It is the state religion of Iran

Answer 7

Shi’ism/Shi’ite

Question 8

Muslim state (1526-1858) exercising dominion over most of India in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries before political fragmentation caused decline

Answer 8

Mughal Empire

Question 9

Most illustrious sultan of the Mughal Empire in India (r. 1556-1605). He expanded the empire and pursued a policy of conciliation with Hindus

Answer 9

Akbar the Great

Question 10

Russian principality that emerged gradually during the era of Mongol domination. This dynasty ruled without interruption from 1276 to 1598

Answer 10

Muscovy

Question 11

From Lain “caesar”, this Russian title for a monarch was first used in reference to a Russian ruler by Ivan III (r. 1462-1505)

Answer 11

Tsar

Question 12

The extreme northeastern sector of Asia, including the Kamchatka Peninsula and the present Russian coast of the Arctic Ocean, the Bering Strait, and the Sea of Okhotsk

Answer 12

Siberia

Question 13

Russian tsar (r. 1689-1725). He enthusiastically introduced Western languages and technologies to the Russian elite, moving the capital from Moscow to the new city of St. Petersburg

Answer 13

Peter the Great

Question 14

(1718-1730) Last years of the reign of Ottoman sultan Ahmed III, during which European styles and attitudes became briefly popular in Istanbul

Answer 14

Tulip Period

Question 15

Qing emperor (r. 1662-1722). He oversaw the greatest expansion of the Qing Empire

Answer 15

Kangxi

Question 16

This river valley was a contested frontier between northern China and eastern Russia until the settlement arranged in the Treaty of Nerchinsk (1689)

Answer 16

Amur River

Question 17

The 5th and most renowned ruler of the Safavid Dynasty in Iran (r. 1587-1629). He moved the royal capital to Isfahan in 1598

Answer 17

Shah Abbas I

Question 18

In India, grants of land given in return for service by rules of the Mughal Empire

Answer 18

Mansabs

Question 19

A Muslim prince allied to British India; technically, a semi-autonomous deputy of the Mughal Emperor

Answer 19

Nawab

Question 20

Peoples of the Russian Empire who lived outside the farming villages, often as herders, mercenaries, or outlaws. These people led the conquest of Siberia in the 16th and 17th centuries

Answer 20

Cossacks

Question 21

In medieval Europe, an agricultural laborer legally bound to a lord’s property and obligated to perform set services for the lord. In Russia, some worked as artisans and in factories; it was not abolished there until 1861

Answer 21

Serfs/serfdom

Question 22

A system in which defeated peoples were forced to pay a tax in the form of goods and labor. This forced transfer of food, cloth, and other goods subsidized the development of large cities. An important component of the Aztec and Inca economies

Answer 22

Tribute System

Question 23

The huge palace built for French king Louis XIV south of Paris. The palace symbolized both French power and the triumph of royal authority over the French nobility

Answer 23

Versailles