Chapter 5 Vocab Flashcards
Islamic state founded by Osman in northwestern Anatolia around 1300. After the fall of the Byzantine Empire, it was based at Constantinople (today Istanbul) from 1453 to 1922. It encompassed lands in the Middle East, North Africa, the Caucasus, and eastern Europe
The Ottoman Empire
Iranian kingdom (1502-1722) established by Ismail Safavi, who declared Iran a Shi’ite state
Safavid Empire
A people, language, kingdom, and empire in western Sudan in West Africa. At it’s height in the sixteenth century, this Muslim empire stretched from the Atlantic to the land of the Hausa and was a major player in the trans-Saharan trade
Songhai
An agricultural and trading people of central Sudan in West Africa. Aside from their brief incorporation into the Songhai Empire, these city-states remained autonomous until the Sokoto Caliphate conquered them in the early 19th century
Hausa
Infantry, originally of slave origin, armed with firearms and constituting the elite of the Ottoman army from the 15th century until the corps was abolished in 1826
Janissaries
The most illustrious sultan of the Ottoman Empire (r. 1520-1566); also known as “The Lawgiver.” He significantly expanded the empire in the Balkans and eastern Mediterranean
Suleiman the Magnificent
Muslims belonging to the branch of Islam believing that God vests leadership of the community in a descendant of Muhammad’s son-in-law Ali. It is the state religion of Iran
Shi’ism/Shi’ite
Muslim state (1526-1858) exercising dominion over most of India in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries before political fragmentation caused decline
Mughal Empire
Most illustrious sultan of the Mughal Empire in India (r. 1556-1605). He expanded the empire and pursued a policy of conciliation with Hindus
Akbar the Great
Russian principality that emerged gradually during the era of Mongol domination. This dynasty ruled without interruption from 1276 to 1598
Muscovy
From Lain “caesar”, this Russian title for a monarch was first used in reference to a Russian ruler by Ivan III (r. 1462-1505)
Tsar
The extreme northeastern sector of Asia, including the Kamchatka Peninsula and the present Russian coast of the Arctic Ocean, the Bering Strait, and the Sea of Okhotsk
Siberia
Russian tsar (r. 1689-1725). He enthusiastically introduced Western languages and technologies to the Russian elite, moving the capital from Moscow to the new city of St. Petersburg
Peter the Great
(1718-1730) Last years of the reign of Ottoman sultan Ahmed III, during which European styles and attitudes became briefly popular in Istanbul
Tulip Period
Qing emperor (r. 1662-1722). He oversaw the greatest expansion of the Qing Empire
Kangxi
This river valley was a contested frontier between northern China and eastern Russia until the settlement arranged in the Treaty of Nerchinsk (1689)
Amur River
The 5th and most renowned ruler of the Safavid Dynasty in Iran (r. 1587-1629). He moved the royal capital to Isfahan in 1598
Shah Abbas I
In India, grants of land given in return for service by rules of the Mughal Empire
Mansabs
A Muslim prince allied to British India; technically, a semi-autonomous deputy of the Mughal Emperor
Nawab
Peoples of the Russian Empire who lived outside the farming villages, often as herders, mercenaries, or outlaws. These people led the conquest of Siberia in the 16th and 17th centuries
Cossacks
In medieval Europe, an agricultural laborer legally bound to a lord’s property and obligated to perform set services for the lord. In Russia, some worked as artisans and in factories; it was not abolished there until 1861
Serfs/serfdom
A system in which defeated peoples were forced to pay a tax in the form of goods and labor. This forced transfer of food, cloth, and other goods subsidized the development of large cities. An important component of the Aztec and Inca economies
Tribute System
The huge palace built for French king Louis XIV south of Paris. The palace symbolized both French power and the triumph of royal authority over the French nobility
Versailles
