Chapter 6- Upper Limb Flashcards
Upper limb is connected to the trunk by the shoulder girdle consisting of the ______ and the _____ that articulates with the axial skeleton at the sternoclavicular join.
- Scapula
- Clavicle
Upper limb include following regions:
- shoulder girdle
- upper arm (brachial)
- the elbow (cubital)
- forearm (ante brachial)
- wrist (carpal)
- hand
Bones of the upper limb include:
- Scapula
- clavicle
- humerus
- radius
- ulna
- carpal bones
- five metacarpal bones
- five proximal, distal and intermediate phalanges
Scapula is located on the back of the ____ and has two surfaces called _____ and ______. Spine of scapula divides into 2 parts, the _____ and ______.
- shoulder
- anterior (sub scapular fossa) and posterior surface
- supraspinous and infraspinous
Spine of scapula bears and expansion laterally called _____, which articulates with clavicle.
Acromion process
Three borders of scapula:
Three angles of scapula:
- Medial, lateral, and superior borders
- superior, inferior and lateral angles
Which site of articulation with head of humerus, located at lateral angle of scapula _______
Glenoid cavity
______ is above the Glenoid cavity and extends anterolaterally. Gives origin to or is an insertion site for 3 muscles: short head of biceps brachii, coracobrachialis muscle, and pectoralis minor.
Coracoid process
_____ is bridged at its top by the superior transverse scapular ligament. And beside base of the coracoid process on superior border of scapula.
Supra scapular notch
What runs through the supra scapular notch?
-suprascapular nerve and vessels
S-shaped bone with a superior and inferior surface, it had an anterior and posterior border as well.
Clavicle
Clavicle bone is convex anteriorly for its medial _____, and concave anteriorly for its lateral____. It has two ends, the _____ end and the ______ end, which are covered by _____ and form articular facets to articular with the sternum at the _____ end with the acromion at the _____ end.
- 2/3
- 1/3
- sternal
- acromial
- hyaline cartilage
- sternal end
- acromial end
(Clavicle region) Synovial joint that is supported by several surrounding ligaments, it’s a ball and socket type joint.
Sternoclavicular joint
(Clavical region) Joint that is a plane type joint that permits sliding/gliding movements w
Acromioclavicular joint
Ossification of the clavicle occurs in the ______ tissue, similar to that of the skull bones during _______. Two ends have _____ ossification, which appears in the second decade of life and ossified centers fuse to each other after that.
- connective
- fetal development
- endochondral ossification
Normal female. Ask to push during baby delivery and push too hard and break clavicle. This is called ____
Cleidocranial dysostosis
Long bone compromised of a shaft and two ends: proximal and distal ends.
Humerus
_____ end, Head of the humerus, articulates with _____ cavity of scapula in the shoulder joint. And distal end articulates with _____ and ___ in elbow joint. The _____ is cylindrical is upper section and triangular in lower section. Three surfaces can be distinguished on humerus and 3 borders.
- proximal
- gleniod
- radius and ulna
- shaft
Proximal end: Head of the ______ is semi-ball like structure with a smooth, articular surface covered by hyaline cartilage. Fits in the ____ cavity of the scapula and forms the shoulder joint. Inferior to the head lies the circumference, and where the articular surface ends and joins the shaft is known as the ______ neck of the humerus, followed by greater and lesser ______. Surgical neck is found _____ to the tubercles. ____ groove lies between the greater and lesser tubercles, through which tendon of the long head biceps brachii muscles passes. _____ tuberosity can be seen on the lateral aspect of the middle shaft, and the _____ groove lies on posterior surface in middle of the shaft humerus.
- humerus
- gleniod
- anatomical
- tubercles
- intertubercular (bicipital)
- deltoid
- radial
What passes through the spiral groove?
Radial nerve and deep brachial vessels
Distal end: there are two sharp edges (ridge), medial and lateral _____ edges, which continue distally to the medial and lateral non articular ____ of the humerus. Medial condyle is larger and bears the ______ groove posteriorly. Condyles of humerus are ____. The capitulum articulates with the head of the _____ and the trochlea articulates with the _____ at the trochlear notch. Anteriorly, ______ is found above the capitulum and the coronoid fossa above the trochlea. On posterior aspect of distal humerus the bigger size ____ fossa can be seen.
- suprachondylar
- epicondyles
- ulnar
- articular
- radius
- ulna
- radial fossa
- olecranon
Medial epicondyle is larger and bears the ulnar groove posteriorly, through which the ______ nerve passes beneath the skin.
Ulnar
Elbow flexed or extended? These fossae accommodate space for the edge of the circumference of the head of the radius and the coronoid process of the ulna.
Elbow flexed
Elbow flexed or extended? The olecranon process of the ulna fits in the latter fossa.
Elbow extended