chapter 6- transport in humans Flashcards
what are the components of blood?
RBC, WBC, plasma and platelets
what is the plasma made out of?
water, proteins, mineral salts, food substances, waste products and hormones.
what is the function of plasma?
to transport soluble food substances, carbon dioxide and hormones.
what is the platelets made out of?
it is a membrane that are fragments of cytoplasm.
what is the function of platelets?
it converts soluble fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin threads which trap RBC, causing blood clotting.
what are the characteristics of a white blood cell?
it has an irregular shape and a nucleus, colourless and is flexible to squeeze through the walls of thin blood capillaries.
what are the two white blood cells?
phagocytes and lymphocytes
what is the function of a phagocyte?
it engulfs and ingests pathogens/ foreign particles/ bacteria
what is the function of antibodies (lymphocytes)?
it binds the bacteria which causes the bacteria membrane to rupture and clumps it together with itself. it also neutralises toxins produced by bacteria.
where does the digested food products go to and from?
it goes from the blood capillaries of the small intestine to the hepatic portal vein where it would then be transport to the rest of the body.
where does the excretory products go to and from?
it goes from the tissues (i.e: liver) and it goes to the excretory organs for removal, like the kidney.
where does the hormones go to and from?
it goes from the glands that produces them to targeted cells or organs like the liver and muscle.
where does the carbon dioxide go to and from?
it goes from the respiring tissues to the lungs for gaseous exchange.
is the pulmonary…connected to the lungs, heart or the rest of the body?
lungs.
is the coronary… connected to the lungs, heart or the rest of the body?
heart.
is the hepatic…connected to the lungs, heart or the rest of the body?
none. it is connected to the liver.
is the renal…connected to the lungs, heart or the rest of the body?
none. it is connected to the kidneys.
what is the function of the artery?
it carries oxygenated blood away from the heart.
what is the function of the veins?
it carries deoxygenated blood back to the heart.
is the pressure highest in the artery, veins or capillaries?
the artery.
is the pressure highest in the artery, veins or capillaries?
the veins.
why is there valves present in the veins?
to prevent backflow of blood.
where does diffusion occur? (in the artery, capillaries or veins?)
the capillaries.
what is the cycle of the blood flow between the heart, lungs and the rest of the body?
heart, pulmonary artery, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta, to the rest of the body, then to the vena cava, right atrium to the right ventricle to the pulmonary vein back to the lungs.
