chapter 5- nutrition in humans Flashcards
what are the enzymes that digest starch and maltose?
amylase and maltase
what are the enzymes that digest proteins and polypeptides?
protease and peptidase
what are the enzymes that digest fats?
lipase
what are the end products of starch?
glucose
what are the end products of proteins?
amino acids
what are the end products of fats?
glycerol and 3 fatty acids
what is chemical digestion?
it is the breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into smaller and soluble food molecule for absorption by body cells with PPM
what is physical digestion? give a few examples.
it is the mechanical breakdown of food where it helps to increase the surface are to volume area so that digestion is faster. a few examples: stomach churning/chewing/ emulsion of fats
where is fats digested?
in the duodenum of the small intestine
is bile produced by the liver or the gallbladder?
the liver. the bile is stored in the gallbladder
why is emulsification of fats speed up digestion of fats?
the bile produced by the liver emulsifies the fats into the tiny fat droplets. this increases the surface area to volume ratio for faster digestion by the lipase.
what is the function of the mouth?
the mouth contains the enzyme, amylase, and breaks down the starch into maltose. it contains teeth to chew large food pieces into smaller food pieces to increase the surface area for faster digestion.
what is the function of the oesophagus?
it brings the food down from the mouth to the stomach
what is the function of the small intestine
it breaks down starch fully into glucose, proteins to amino acids and fats into fatty acids and glycerol where it would all be absorbed (with water) and transported to the rest of the body.
what is the function of the stomach?
it digests proteins into polypeptides
what is the function of the large intestine?
absorbs water from undigested food
rectum: stores undigested food
anus: egests undigested food
what is the function of the liver?
produces bile and it stores excess glucose (converted to glycogen) for storage and excess amino acids to be broken down to form the urea
what is the function of the gallbladder?
stores the bile
what is the function of the pancreas?
produces pancreatic juices that contains enzymes (amylase, lipase and protease). it secretes hormones (insulin and glucagon).
what is the function of salivary glands?
secretes saliva (water, mucus and amylase)
what is the specialised organ in the small intestine?
villi
what are the characteristics of a villus?
it is one cell think so that diffusion is faster. (small intestine is 6 to 7 metres long so rate of diffusion increases because there is more time)
what is the function of a villus?
it increases the surface area to volume ratio for faster absorption/ diffusion of digested nutrients
what is the flow of the transportation of glucose and amino acids?
from the small intestine, to the hepatic portal vein and to the liver.
