Chapter 6 The Skeletal system: BONE TISSUE Flashcards
How does bone tissue make up our body weight on average
18%
Are bones considered organs
Yes
State the function of the bone
Provide support in anchorage points for soft body tissues.
Protect vital organs.
Act as a lever for muscles when they contract to move the body.
Stores in mineral salts, like calcium and phosphate.
Produces blood vessels in the red bone marrow.
Stores fat in yellow bone marrow.
Where can we find red bone marrow in adults
Ribs
sternum
The vertebrae
Bone of the skull
Proximal end of the femur humerus
Where can you find yellow bone marrow
Middle of the bone
What does yellow bone marrow store
Fats, triclyrides, adipose tissue
What type of tissue are bones
Connective tissue
Why are bone considered connective tissue
They have fibres,ground-substance and cells which is what you need to be a connective tissue
State the two types of bone
Spongy and compact
State the structure of Long Bone
A bone that is longer than it is wide
State an example of a long bone
All limb bones (expect ankle and wrist.)
What is in v]between the shaft of a bone and it two expanded ends.
The metaphysis
What is a Metaphysis
It is a growth plate which is important for growth
What is a shaft
the main part of a long bone. The tubular structure that is slightly curved.
What is an epiphysis?
The rounded ends of a long bone.
What is a periosteum
It is a tough connective tissue layer that covers the shaft of the bone.
State the parts of a bone
shaft (Diashysis)
Metaphysis (growth plate in between)
Epiphysis ( two rounded ends)
Periosteum: tough layer covering shaft.
Marrow cavity: inside the hollow shaft
Endosperm: lines the marrow cavity
Is there highland cartilage and periosteum covering articular layers?
In articular surfaces, there are no Periosteum covering the surface. There is only hyaline cartilage protecting surface from friction in with the other bone.
Where is the compact bone in the structure of a long bone?
Is this phone in the outer edges of the shaft in the epiphysises.
Where is the spongy bone in the structure of the long bone?
It is found inside the epiphysises.
Where is the marrow in the long bone?
Endosteum lines inside marrow cavity
What surrounds the widely separated cells
Extracellular matrix
How much inorganic matter is there ?
2/3 which are crystallized mineral salts, and the provide the quality of harness to the phone
How much organic matter is in the bone?
1/3 and it is collagen fibres oh, which provide the qualities of flexibility and strength to the bone.
State the matter inside the bone
1/3 organic matter
2/3 inorganic matter
State the name of the four types of cells present in bone tissue?
Osteoprogenitor cells
Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts
where is the osteoprogentior found
Periotueum and the endosteum
what do osteblast do?
bone building cells that make the compoenents of the matrix.
what is Osteocytes
mature bone cells.
where the osteoyctes trapped
osteocytes are osteblast trapped in the matrix.
what is the function of Osteoclasts?
they are cells that break down bones.
where can you find osteoclasts
in the endosteum
Where does compact bone cover
cover the outer layer of all bones and most of the shaft of the long bone
State the name of the two structural units in compact bone
osten and haversian sytems
explain the structure in the compact bone
they arranged into two structural units (osteon and Haversian system.) each osteon consists of layers like look like rings. these rings are called lamellae and they all encircle the Haversian canal. there is another canal called Volkmann canals and they run horizontally through the bones and adjacent osteons. between the lamellae are lacunae which contain osteocytes. These osteocytes extend cytoplasmic processes into the canaliculi. The canaliculi connect lacunae to each other and to the central canal canal.
what is a lamellae
layer within the osten that encirle the central canal
volkmann canal
canal that run through the osten and adjacent osetns
canaliculi
tiny channels that connect lacuane to each other and to the central canal.
what is between the lamellae in the ostens
interstitial lamellae
circumferential lamellae
are layers of bone tissue that run parallel to the surface of long bones, encircling the entire circumference.
function of the circumferential lamellae.
provide structural support and strength to the bone
does spongy bone contain osteons.
NO
how are the lamelaes on the spongy bone formed
they are arranged in thin cloumns of bone called Trabeculae
what is between the trabeculae
there is bone marrow
what is a special structural component of trabeculae
arranged in various direction to resist stress
where does the perisoteal arteries supply blood
In the periosteum arteries and the compact bone.
ossification
is a process by which bone is formed.
state the three types of bone formation
when the fetus forms the bony skeleton
In early adulthood as growth occurs
throughout life as remodeling of bone and repair of fractures.
state the name of the TWO main types of ossification
Intermembranous ossification
Endochondral ossification
State the form of intramembranous ossification
Bone arises from embryonic mesenchyme tissue.
start a example of intramembranous ossification
flat bones of the skulls ,mandiles , clavicles and the soft spot of a baby skulls (cataniles).
what does a cananilles grow into later?
Gabonese
Explain Endochondral ossfication
bone develops from an existing hyaline cartillage.
state an example of bone made from Endochondral ossfication.
any bone other than flat bones of the skulls ,mandiles , clavicles and the soft spot of a baby skulls (cataniles).
how is spongy bone ?
matrix develops into trabeculae that fuse with one another to form spongy bone. red marrow form in the spaces between trabeculae.
how is the periosteum developed?
Mesenchyme at edges of the bone condenses to form the periosteum.
