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Human Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 6 The Skeletal system: BONE TISSUE > Flashcards

Chapter 6 The Skeletal system: BONE TISSUE Flashcards

1
Q

How does bone tissue make up our body weight on average

A

18%

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2
Q

Are bones considered organs

A

Yes

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3
Q

State the function of the bone

A

Provide support in anchorage points for soft body tissues.

Protect vital organs.

Act as a lever for muscles when they contract to move the body.

Stores in mineral salts, like calcium and phosphate.

Produces blood vessels in the red bone marrow.

Stores fat in yellow bone marrow.

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4
Q

Where can we find red bone marrow in adults

A

Ribs
sternum
The vertebrae
Bone of the skull
Proximal end of the femur humerus

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5
Q

Where can you find yellow bone marrow

A

Middle of the bone

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6
Q

What does yellow bone marrow store

A

Fats, triclyrides, adipose tissue

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7
Q

What type of tissue are bones

A

Connective tissue

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8
Q

Why are bone considered connective tissue

A

They have fibres,ground-substance and cells which is what you need to be a connective tissue

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9
Q

State the two types of bone

A

Spongy and compact

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10
Q

State the structure of Long Bone

A

A bone that is longer than it is wide

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11
Q

State an example of a long bone

A

All limb bones (expect ankle and wrist.)

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12
Q

What is in v]between the shaft of a bone and it two expanded ends.

A

The metaphysis

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13
Q

What is a Metaphysis

A

It is a growth plate which is important for growth

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14
Q

What is a shaft

A

the main part of a long bone. The tubular structure that is slightly curved.

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15
Q

What is an epiphysis?

A

The rounded ends of a long bone.

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16
Q

What is a periosteum

A

It is a tough connective tissue layer that covers the shaft of the bone.

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17
Q

State the parts of a bone

A

shaft (Diashysis)
Metaphysis (growth plate in between)
Epiphysis ( two rounded ends)
Periosteum: tough layer covering shaft.
Marrow cavity: inside the hollow shaft
Endosperm: lines the marrow cavity

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18
Q

Is there highland cartilage and periosteum covering articular layers?

A

In articular surfaces, there are no Periosteum covering the surface. There is only hyaline cartilage protecting surface from friction in with the other bone.

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19
Q

Where is the compact bone in the structure of a long bone?

A

Is this phone in the outer edges of the shaft in the epiphysises.

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20
Q

Where is the spongy bone in the structure of the long bone?

A

It is found inside the epiphysises.

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21
Q

Where is the marrow in the long bone?

A

Endosteum lines inside marrow cavity

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22
Q

What surrounds the widely separated cells

A

Extracellular matrix

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23
Q

How much inorganic matter is there ?

A

2/3 which are crystallized mineral salts, and the provide the quality of harness to the phone

24
Q

How much organic matter is in the bone?

A

1/3 and it is collagen fibres oh, which provide the qualities of flexibility and strength to the bone.

25
Q

State the matter inside the bone

A

1/3 organic matter
2/3 inorganic matter

26
Q

State the name of the four types of cells present in bone tissue?

A

Osteoprogenitor cells
Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts

27
Q

where is the osteoprogentior found

A

Periotueum and the endosteum

28
Q

what do osteblast do?

A

bone building cells that make the compoenents of the matrix.

29
Q

what is Osteocytes

A

mature bone cells.

30
Q

where the osteoyctes trapped

A

osteocytes are osteblast trapped in the matrix.

31
Q

what is the function of Osteoclasts?

A

they are cells that break down bones.

32
Q

where can you find osteoclasts

A

in the endosteum

33
Q

Where does compact bone cover

A

cover the outer layer of all bones and most of the shaft of the long bone

34
Q

State the name of the two structural units in compact bone

A

osten and haversian sytems

35
Q

explain the structure in the compact bone

A

they arranged into two structural units (osteon and Haversian system.) each osteon consists of layers like look like rings. these rings are called lamellae and they all encircle the Haversian canal. there is another canal called Volkmann canals and they run horizontally through the bones and adjacent osteons. between the lamellae are lacunae which contain osteocytes. These osteocytes extend cytoplasmic processes into the canaliculi. The canaliculi connect lacunae to each other and to the central canal canal.

36
Q

what is a lamellae

A

layer within the osten that encirle the central canal

37
Q

volkmann canal

A

canal that run through the osten and adjacent osetns

38
Q

canaliculi

A

tiny channels that connect lacuane to each other and to the central canal.

39
Q

what is between the lamellae in the ostens

A

interstitial lamellae

40
Q

circumferential lamellae

A

are layers of bone tissue that run parallel to the surface of long bones, encircling the entire circumference.

41
Q

function of the circumferential lamellae.

A

provide structural support and strength to the bone

42
Q

does spongy bone contain osteons.

A

NO

43
Q

how are the lamelaes on the spongy bone formed

A

they are arranged in thin cloumns of bone called Trabeculae

44
Q

what is between the trabeculae

A

there is bone marrow

45
Q

what is a special structural component of trabeculae

A

arranged in various direction to resist stress

46
Q

where does the perisoteal arteries supply blood

A

In the periosteum arteries and the compact bone.

47
Q

ossification

A

is a process by which bone is formed.

48
Q

state the three types of bone formation

A

when the fetus forms the bony skeleton

In early adulthood as growth occurs

throughout life as remodeling of bone and repair of fractures.

49
Q

state the name of the TWO main types of ossification

A

Intermembranous ossification
Endochondral ossification

50
Q

State the form of intramembranous ossification

A

Bone arises from embryonic mesenchyme tissue.

51
Q

start a example of intramembranous ossification

A

flat bones of the skulls ,mandiles , clavicles and the soft spot of a baby skulls (cataniles).

52
Q

what does a cananilles grow into later?

A

Gabonese

53
Q

Explain Endochondral ossfication

A

bone develops from an existing hyaline cartillage.

54
Q

state an example of bone made from Endochondral ossfication.

A

any bone other than flat bones of the skulls ,mandiles , clavicles and the soft spot of a baby skulls (cataniles).

55
Q

how is spongy bone ?

A

matrix develops into trabeculae that fuse with one another to form spongy bone. red marrow form in the spaces between trabeculae.

56
Q

how is the periosteum developed?

A

Mesenchyme at edges of the bone condenses to form the periosteum.

57
Q
A

Human Anatomy and Physiology (3 decks)

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