Chapter 6 The Skeletal system: BONE TISSUE

Question 1

How does bone tissue make up our body weight on average

Answer 1

18%

Question 2

Are bones considered organs

Answer 2

Yes

Question 3

State the function of the bone

Answer 3

Provide support in anchorage points for soft body tissues.

Protect vital organs.

Act as a lever for muscles when they contract to move the body.

Stores in mineral salts, like calcium and phosphate.

Produces blood vessels in the red bone marrow.

Stores fat in yellow bone marrow.

Question 4

Where can we find red bone marrow in adults

Answer 4

Ribs
sternum
The vertebrae
Bone of the skull
Proximal end of the femur humerus

Question 5

Where can you find yellow bone marrow

Answer 5

Middle of the bone

Question 6

What does yellow bone marrow store

Answer 6

Fats, triclyrides, adipose tissue

Question 7

What type of tissue are bones

Answer 7

Connective tissue

Question 8

Why are bone considered connective tissue

Answer 8

They have fibres,ground-substance and cells which is what you need to be a connective tissue

Question 9

State the two types of bone

Answer 9

Spongy and compact

Question 10

State the structure of Long Bone

Answer 10

A bone that is longer than it is wide

Question 11

State an example of a long bone

Answer 11

All limb bones (expect ankle and wrist.)

Question 12

What is in v]between the shaft of a bone and it two expanded ends.

Answer 12

The metaphysis

Question 13

What is a Metaphysis

Answer 13

It is a growth plate which is important for growth

Question 14

What is a shaft

Answer 14

the main part of a long bone. The tubular structure that is slightly curved.

Question 15

What is an epiphysis?

Answer 15

The rounded ends of a long bone.

Question 16

What is a periosteum

Answer 16

It is a tough connective tissue layer that covers the shaft of the bone.

Question 17

State the parts of a bone

Answer 17

shaft (Diashysis)
Metaphysis (growth plate in between)
Epiphysis ( two rounded ends)
Periosteum: tough layer covering shaft.
Marrow cavity: inside the hollow shaft
Endosperm: lines the marrow cavity

Question 18

Is there highland cartilage and periosteum covering articular layers?

Answer 18

In articular surfaces, there are no Periosteum covering the surface. There is only hyaline cartilage protecting surface from friction in with the other bone.

Question 19

Where is the compact bone in the structure of a long bone?

Answer 19

Is this phone in the outer edges of the shaft in the epiphysises.

Question 20

Where is the spongy bone in the structure of the long bone?

Answer 20

It is found inside the epiphysises.

Question 21

Where is the marrow in the long bone?

Answer 21

Endosteum lines inside marrow cavity

Question 22

What surrounds the widely separated cells

Answer 22

Extracellular matrix

Question 23

How much inorganic matter is there ?

Answer 23

2/3 which are crystallized mineral salts, and the provide the quality of harness to the phone

Question 24

How much organic matter is in the bone?

Answer 24

1/3 and it is collagen fibres oh, which provide the qualities of flexibility and strength to the bone.

Question 25

State the matter inside the bone

Answer 25

1/3 organic matter 2/3 inorganic matter

Question 26

State the name of the four types of cells present in bone tissue?

Answer 26

Osteoprogenitor cells Osteoblasts Osteocytes Osteoclasts

Question 27

where is the osteoprogentior found

Answer 27

Periotueum and the endosteum

Question 28

what do osteblast do?

Answer 28

bone building cells that make the compoenents of the matrix.

Question 29

what is Osteocytes

Answer 29

mature bone cells.

Question 30

where the osteoyctes trapped

Answer 30

osteocytes are osteblast trapped in the matrix.

Question 31

what is the function of Osteoclasts?

Answer 31

they are cells that break down bones.

Question 32

where can you find osteoclasts

Answer 32

in the endosteum

Question 33

Where does compact bone cover

Answer 33

cover the outer layer of all bones and most of the shaft of the long bone

Question 34

State the name of the two structural units in compact bone

Answer 34

osten and haversian sytems

Question 35

explain the structure in the compact bone

Answer 35

they arranged into two structural units (osteon and Haversian system.) each osteon consists of layers like look like rings. these rings are called lamellae and they all encircle the Haversian canal. there is another canal called Volkmann canals and they run horizontally through the bones and adjacent osteons. between the lamellae are lacunae which contain osteocytes. These osteocytes extend cytoplasmic processes into the canaliculi. The canaliculi connect lacunae to each other and to the central canal canal.

Question 36

what is a lamellae

Answer 36

layer within the osten that encirle the central canal

Question 37

volkmann canal

Answer 37

canal that run through the osten and adjacent osetns

Question 38

canaliculi

Answer 38

tiny channels that connect lacuane to each other and to the central canal.

Question 39

what is between the lamellae in the ostens

Answer 39

interstitial lamellae

Question 40

circumferential lamellae

Answer 40

are layers of bone tissue that run parallel to the surface of long bones, encircling the entire circumference.

Question 41

function of the circumferential lamellae.

Answer 41

provide structural support and strength to the bone

Question 42

does spongy bone contain osteons.

Answer 42

NO

Question 43

how are the lamelaes on the spongy bone formed

Answer 43

they are arranged in thin cloumns of bone called Trabeculae

Question 44

what is between the trabeculae

Answer 44

there is bone marrow

Question 45

what is a special structural component of trabeculae

Answer 45

arranged in various direction to resist stress

Question 46

where does the perisoteal arteries supply blood

Answer 46

In the periosteum arteries and the compact bone.

Question 47

ossification

Answer 47

is a process by which bone is formed.

Question 48

state the three types of bone formation

Answer 48

when the fetus forms the bony skeleton In early adulthood as growth occurs throughout life as remodeling of bone and repair of fractures.

Question 49

state the name of the TWO main types of ossification

Answer 49

Intermembranous ossification Endochondral ossification

Question 50

State the form of intramembranous ossification

Answer 50

Bone arises from embryonic mesenchyme tissue.

Question 51

start a example of intramembranous ossification

Answer 51

flat bones of the skulls ,mandiles , clavicles and the soft spot of a baby skulls (cataniles).

Question 52

what does a cananilles grow into later?

Answer 52

Gabonese

Question 53

Explain Endochondral ossfication

Answer 53

bone develops from an existing hyaline cartillage.

Question 54

state an example of bone made from Endochondral ossfication.

Answer 54

any bone other than flat bones of the skulls ,mandiles , clavicles and the soft spot of a baby skulls (cataniles).

Question 55

how is spongy bone ?

Answer 55

matrix develops into trabeculae that fuse with one another to form spongy bone. red marrow form in the spaces between trabeculae.

Question 56

how is the periosteum developed?

Answer 56

Mesenchyme at edges of the bone condenses to form the periosteum.