Chapter 6- The Self in a Social World Flashcards
Schema
A set of beliefs and feelings about something. Examples include stereotypes, prejudices, and generalizations.
Role schema
A schema about how people in certain roles (i.e. boss, wife, teacher) are expected to behave.
Person schema
A schema about how a particular individual is expected to behave.
Self-schemas
The set of beliefs, feelings, and generalizations we have about ourselves.
Self
The totality of our impressions, thoughts, and feelings, such that we have a conscious, continuous sense of being in the world.
Physical self
One’s psychological sense of one’s physical being- for example, one’s height, weight, hair color, race, and physical skills.
Social self
The composite of the social roles one plays- suitor, student, worker, husband, wife, and so on. Roles and masks help one adjust to the requirements of one’s social situation.
Personal self
One’s private, continuous sense of being oneself in the world.
Ethics
Standards for behavior. A system of beliefs from which one derives standards for behavior.
Self-concept
One’s perception of one-self, one’s traits and an evaluation of these traits. The self concept includes one’s self-esteem and one’s ideal self.
Self-esteem
Self-approval. One’s self-respect or favorable opinion of oneself.
Ideal self
One’s perception of what one ought to be and do. Also called the self- ideal.
Identity crisis
A period of serious self-examination and self-questioning of one’s values and direction in life.
Identity achievement
The identity status that describes individuals who have resolved and identity crisis and committed to a relatively stable set of beliefs or a course of action.
Identity foreclosure
The identity status that describes individuals who have adopted a commitment to a set of beliefs or a course of action without undergoing an identity crisis.
Identity moratorium
The identity status that describes individuals who are in the throes of an identity crisis- an intense examination of alternatives.
Identity diffusion
The identity status that describes individuals who have neither arrived at a commitment as to who they are and what they stand for nor experienced a crisis.
Social perception
The process by which we form understandings of others in our social environment, based on observations of how others act and information we receive.
Primacy effect
The tendency to evaluate others in terms of first impressions.
Recency effect
The tendency to evaluate others in terms of the most recent impression.
Prejudice
The belief that a person or group, on the basis of assumed racial, ethnic, sexual, or other features, will possess negative characteristics or performs inadequately.
Discrimination
The denial of privileges to a person or group on the basis of prejudice.
Stereotypes
Fixed, conventional ideas about a group that can lead us to process information about members of the group in a biased fashion.
Attribution
A belief concerning why people behave in a certain way.
