Chapter 5- Developing Heathier Behaviors

Question 1

Nutrition

Answer 1

The process by which plants and animals consume and utilize foods.

Question 2

Nutrients

Answer 2

Essential food elements that provide energy and the building blocks of muscle, bone, and other tissues: protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals.

Question 3

Protein

Answer 3

Organic molecules the comprise the basic building blocks of body tissues.

Question 4

Amino Acids

Answer 4

Organic compounds from which the body manufactures proteins.

Question 5

Carbohydrates

Answer 5

Organic compounds forming the structural parts of plants that are important sources of nutrition for animals and humans.

Question 6

Dietary fiber

Answer 6

Complex carbohydrates that form the structural parts of plants, such as cellulose and pectin, that cannot be broken down by human digestive enzymes.

Question 7

Fats

Answer 7

Organic compounds that form the basis of fatty tissue of animals, including humans (body fat) and are also found in some plant materials.

Question 8

Vitamins

Answer 8

Organic substances needed by the body in small amounts to maintain essential bodily processes.

Question 9

Free radicals

Answer 9

Metabolic waste that may damage cell membranes and genetic material.

Question 10

Osteoporosis

Answer 10

A bone disorder primarily affecting older people in which the bones become porous, brittle, and more prone to fracture.

Question 11

Body Mass Index (BMI)

Answer 11

A widely used index of weight that takes into account a person’s height.

Question 12

Calories

Answer 12

Food energy, scientifically, unites expressing the ability to raise temperature or give off body heat.

Question 13

Fat cells

Answer 13

Cells that contain fat, adipose tissue.

Question 14

Anorexia nervosa

Answer 14

An eating disorder characterized by maintenance of an abnormally low body weight, intense fear of weight gain, a distorted body image, and, in females, lack of menstruation.

Question 15

Bulimia nervosa

Answer 15

An eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by purging and by persistent over concern with body shape and weight.

Question 16

Prepubescence

Answer 16

The years just prior to puberty.

Question 17

Aerobic exercise

Answer 17

Exercise that requires sustained increase in oxygen consumption, such as jogging, swimming, or riding a bicycle.

Question 18

Anaerobic exercise

Answer 18

Exercise that does not require sustained increase in oxygen consumption, such as weightlifting.

Question 19

Fitness

Answer 19

(1) The ability to perform physically demanding tasks without undue fatigue. (2) Cadiovascular fitness refers to the ability of the heart and lungs to function under stress.

Question 20

High-density lipoproteins (HDL)

Answer 20

The so-called good cholesterol because it sweeps away cholesterol deposits from artery walls for elimnation from the body, thereby lowering the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Question 21

Insomnia

Answer 21

A disorder characterized by persistent difficulty falling asleep or remaining asleep.

Question 22

Substance abuse

Answer 22

Continued use of a substance despite knowledge that it is dangerous or that it is linked to social, occupational, psychological, or physical problems.

Question 23

Substance dependence

Answer 23

Dependence is shown by signs such as persistent use despite efforts to cut down, marked tolerance, and withdrawal symptoms.

Question 24

Tolerance

Answer 24

The body’s habituation to a drug, so that regular use, increasingly higher doses of the drug are needed to achieve similar effects.

Question 25

Alcoholism

Answer 25

A term used to describe alcohol dependence, which is characterized by impaired control over the use of alcohol and development of a physiological dependence on the drug

Question 26

Delirium tremens

Answer 26

A condition characterized by sweating, restlessness, disorientation, and hallucinations.

Question 27

Disorientation

Answer 27

Gross confusion, loss of sense of time, place, and the identity of people.

Question 28

Depressants

Answer 28

Drugs the decrease the rate of activity of the central nervous system.

Question 29

Central nervous system (CNS)

Answer 29

The part of the body's nervous system that consists of the brain and spinal cord.

Question 30

Opioids

Answer 30

A group of depressants derived from the opium poppy, or similar in chemical structure, that are used to relieve pain but can also provide a euphoric rush.

Question 31

Narcotic

Answer 31

A drug, such as heroin, with pain-relieving and sleep-inducing properties that has a strong addictive potential.

Question 32

Barbiturates

Answer 32

Addictive depressants used to relieve anxiety or induce sleep.

Question 33

Stimulants

Answer 33

A drug that increase the rate of activity of the central nervous system.

Question 34

Nicotine

Answer 34

A mild but highly addictive drug found in tobacco.

Question 35

Passive smoking

Answer 35

Inhaling smoke from other people's tobacco products, also called second hand smoke.

Question 36

Amphetamines

Answer 36

A calls of stimulant drugs, including methamphetamine, which can increase states of alertness and induce pleasurable feelings.

Question 37

Ecstasy

Answer 37

An amphetamine-like drug that has mild euphoric and hallucinogenic effects.

Question 38

Psychedelics

Answer 38

Drugs that cause hallucinations and delusions or heighten perceptions.

Question 39

Hallucinations

Answer 39

Perceptions in the absence of sensation that are confused with reality.

Question 40

LSD

Answer 40

The acronym for lysergic acid diethylamide, a hallucinogenic drug.

Question 41

Flashbacks

Answer 41

Distorted perceptions or hallucinations that mimic the LSD experience but occur long after usage.

Question 42

Hashish

Answer 42

A potent drug derived from the resin of the marijuana plant.