Chapter 6- The Human Body

Question 1

The superficial landmarks of the body that serve as guides to the structures that lie beneath them.

Answer 1

Topographic Anatomy

Question 2

Position of reference in which the patient stands facing you, arms at the side, with palms of the hands forward

Answer 2

Anatomic Position

Question 3

Divides the body into a front and back portion

Answer 3

Coronal (Frontal) Plane

Question 4

Divides the body into a top and bottom portion.

Answer 4

Transverse (Axial) plane

Question 5

Divides the body into left and right (but not necessarily equal) portions.

Answer 5

Sagittal (Lateral) plane.

Midsagittal plane, or midline, divides body into equal left and right halves.

Question 6

Fibrous tissues that connect bones to each other

Answer 6

Ligaments

Question 7

Ropelike structures that connect muscles to bones

Answer 7

Tendons

Question 8

Smooth connective tissue that covers the ends of bones at mobile joints

Answer 8

Cartilage

Question 9

Forms the foundation to which the arms and legs are attached. Composed of: Skull, facial bones, thoracic cage (rib cage), vertebral column.

Answer 9

Axial Skeleton

Question 10

Skeleton composed of arms and legs, their connection points, and the pelvis

Answer 10

Appendicular skeleton

Question 11

Chest cavity that contains the heart, lungs, esophagus, and great vessels. Formed by 12 thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12) and their 12 pairs of ribs.

Answer 11

Thorax

Question 12

Large opening at the base of the skull where the brain connects to the spinal cord

Answer 12

Foremen magnum

Question 13

The most posterior portion of the cranium

Answer 13

Occipital

Question 14

The lateral bones on each side of the cranium; the temples,

Answer 14

Temporal bones

Question 15

Bones that lie between the temporal and occipital regions of the cranium.

Answer 15

Parietal Bones

Question 16

Portion of the cranium that forms the forehead

Answer 16

Frontal Bone

Question 17

The upper, non-moveable jawbones. Assists in the formation of the orbit, the nasal cavity, and the palate, and holds the upper teeth

Answer 17

Maxillae

Question 18

Cheek bones.

Answer 18

Zygomas

Question 19

The lower, movable portion of the jaw

Answer 19

Mandible

Question 20

The portion of the spinal column consisting of the first seven vertebrae that lie in the neck (C1-C7)

Answer 20

Cervical Spine

Question 21

The second set of vertebrae, consisting of the 12 vertebrae below the Cervical Spine. 1 pair of ribs is attached to each vertebrae. (T1-T12)

Answer 21

Thoracic Spine

Question 22

The 5 vertebrae below the Thoracic spine. Lower part of the back. (L1-L5)

Answer 22

Lumbar Spine

Question 23

Five sacral vertebrae are fused together to form one bone, below the lumbar spine.

Answer 23

Sacrum

Question 24

The most inferior portion of the spinal cord, the last four vertebrae, also fused together, form the tail bone, also called _______.

Answer 24

Coccyx

Question 25

Breast bone, located anteriorly in the midline of the chest

Answer 25

Sternum

Question 26

Upper section of the sternum

Answer 26

Manubruim

Question 27

The narrow, cartilaginous tip inferiorly is called the ___________.

Answer 27

Xiphoid process

Question 28

Forearm bone that is on the medial (pinky) side when in anatomical position.

Answer 28

Ulna

Question 29

Forearm bone on the lateral, or thumb, side when in anatomical position.

Answer 29

Radius

Question 30

Three bones that are fused together to form the pelvis. They are joined together posteriorly by the sacrum.

Answer 30

Ilium, Isschium, and Pubis

Question 31

Depression on the lateral pelvis where it’s 3 component bones join, in which the femoral head fits snuggly. Where the leg joins the hip.

Answer 31

Acetabulum

Question 32

Knee Cap

Answer 32

Patella

Question 33

Shinbone, larger bone in the leg and lies in the anterior of the leg

Answer 33

Tibia

Question 34

Smaller leg bone on the lateral side of the leg

Answer 34

Fibula

Question 35

Simple movement of air between the lungs and the environment, requires the chest to rise and fall.

Answer 35

Ventilation

Question 36

Process of gas exchange. Provides oxygen to cells, removes carbon dioxide from the body.

Answer 36

Respiration

Question 37

Normal respiration rate for an infant

Answer 37

30-60 breaths per minute

Question 38

Normal respiration rate for children

Answer 38

12-40 breaths per minute

Question 39

The amount of air that is moved into or out of the lungs during a single breath, generally 500 mL in an adult

Answer 39

Tidal Volume

Question 40

A measure used to assess the amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs in 1 minute. Calculation: Respiratory Rate x Tidal Volume

Answer 40

Minute Volume

Question 41

Normal respiration rate in adults

Answer 41

12 to 20 breaths per minute

Question 42

Upper chambers of the heart

Answer 42

Atrium

Question 43

Lower chambers of the heart

Answer 43

Ventricle

Question 44

Normal heart rate in adults

Answer 44

60 to 100 BPM

Question 45

Carries oxygenated blood from the heart to all parts of the body

Answer 45

Arteries

Question 46

Carries oxygen poor blood back to the heart for reoxygenation

Answer 46

Veins

Question 47

Sticky, yellow fluid that carries the blood cells and nutrients

Answer 47

Plasma

Question 48

Cells that contain hemoglobin, which carries oxygen.

Answer 48

Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells)

Question 49

Cells that play a role in the body’s immune defense to fight against infection

Answer 49

Leukocytes (White Blood Cells)

Question 50

These tiny, disc shaped elements are much smaller than cells and are essential in the initial formation of a blood clot to stop bleeding.

Answer 50

Platelets

Question 51

The amount of blood moved in 1 minute

Answer 51

Cardiac Output

Question 52

Amount of blood moved in 1 beat

Answer 52

Stroke Volume

Question 53

This side of the heart is a high pressure pump that pumps blood to the body

Answer 53

The left side

Question 54

When measuring blood pressure, the high point (the top number) is measured as the heart muscle is contracting.

Answer 54

Systolic Pressure

Question 55

The low point (the bottom number) measured when the heart is in its relaxation phase.

Answer 55

Diastolic pressure