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Paramedic > Chapter 6- The Human Body > Flashcards

Chapter 6- The Human Body Flashcards

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1
Q

The superficial landmarks of the body that serve as guides to the structures that lie beneath them.

A

Topographic Anatomy

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2
Q

Position of reference in which the patient stands facing you, arms at the side, with palms of the hands forward

A

Anatomic Position

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3
Q

Divides the body into a front and back portion

A

Coronal (Frontal) Plane

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4
Q

Divides the body into a top and bottom portion.

A

Transverse (Axial) plane

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5
Q

Divides the body into left and right (but not necessarily equal) portions.

A

Sagittal (Lateral) plane.

Midsagittal plane, or midline, divides body into equal left and right halves.

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6
Q

Fibrous tissues that connect bones to each other

A

Ligaments

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7
Q

Ropelike structures that connect muscles to bones

A

Tendons

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8
Q

Smooth connective tissue that covers the ends of bones at mobile joints

A

Cartilage

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9
Q

Forms the foundation to which the arms and legs are attached. Composed of: Skull, facial bones, thoracic cage (rib cage), vertebral column.

A

Axial Skeleton

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10
Q

Skeleton composed of arms and legs, their connection points, and the pelvis

A

Appendicular skeleton

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11
Q

Chest cavity that contains the heart, lungs, esophagus, and great vessels. Formed by 12 thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12) and their 12 pairs of ribs.

A

Thorax

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12
Q

Large opening at the base of the skull where the brain connects to the spinal cord

A

Foremen magnum

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13
Q

The most posterior portion of the cranium

A

Occipital

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14
Q

The lateral bones on each side of the cranium; the temples,

A

Temporal bones

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15
Q

Bones that lie between the temporal and occipital regions of the cranium.

A

Parietal Bones

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16
Q

Portion of the cranium that forms the forehead

A

Frontal Bone

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17
Q

The upper, non-moveable jawbones. Assists in the formation of the orbit, the nasal cavity, and the palate, and holds the upper teeth

A

Maxillae

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18
Q

Cheek bones.

A

Zygomas

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19
Q

The lower, movable portion of the jaw

A

Mandible

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20
Q

The portion of the spinal column consisting of the first seven vertebrae that lie in the neck (C1-C7)

A

Cervical Spine

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21
Q

The second set of vertebrae, consisting of the 12 vertebrae below the Cervical Spine. 1 pair of ribs is attached to each vertebrae. (T1-T12)

A

Thoracic Spine

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22
Q

The 5 vertebrae below the Thoracic spine. Lower part of the back. (L1-L5)

A

Lumbar Spine

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23
Q

Five sacral vertebrae are fused together to form one bone, below the lumbar spine.

A

Sacrum

24
Q

The most inferior portion of the spinal cord, the last four vertebrae, also fused together, form the tail bone, also called _______.

A

Coccyx

25
Q

Breast bone, located anteriorly in the midline of the chest

A

Sternum

26
Q

Upper section of the sternum

A

Manubruim

27
Q

The narrow, cartilaginous tip inferiorly is called the ___________.

A

Xiphoid process

28
Q

Forearm bone that is on the medial (pinky) side when in anatomical position.

A

Ulna

29
Q

Forearm bone on the lateral, or thumb, side when in anatomical position.

A

Radius

30
Q

Three bones that are fused together to form the pelvis. They are joined together posteriorly by the sacrum.

A

Ilium, Isschium, and Pubis

31
Q

Depression on the lateral pelvis where it’s 3 component bones join, in which the femoral head fits snuggly. Where the leg joins the hip.

A

Acetabulum

32
Q

Knee Cap

A

Patella

33
Q

Shinbone, larger bone in the leg and lies in the anterior of the leg

A

Tibia

34
Q

Smaller leg bone on the lateral side of the leg

A

Fibula

35
Q

Simple movement of air between the lungs and the environment, requires the chest to rise and fall.

A

Ventilation

36
Q

Process of gas exchange. Provides oxygen to cells, removes carbon dioxide from the body.

A

Respiration

37
Q

Normal respiration rate for an infant

A

30-60 breaths per minute

38
Q

Normal respiration rate for children

A

12-40 breaths per minute

39
Q

The amount of air that is moved into or out of the lungs during a single breath, generally 500 mL in an adult

A

Tidal Volume

40
Q

A measure used to assess the amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs in 1 minute. Calculation: Respiratory Rate x Tidal Volume

A

Minute Volume

41
Q

Normal respiration rate in adults

A

12 to 20 breaths per minute

42
Q

Upper chambers of the heart

A

Atrium

43
Q

Lower chambers of the heart

A

Ventricle

44
Q

Normal heart rate in adults

A

60 to 100 BPM

45
Q

Carries oxygenated blood from the heart to all parts of the body

A

Arteries

46
Q

Carries oxygen poor blood back to the heart for reoxygenation

A

Veins

47
Q

Sticky, yellow fluid that carries the blood cells and nutrients

A

Plasma

48
Q

Cells that contain hemoglobin, which carries oxygen.

A

Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells)

49
Q

Cells that play a role in the body’s immune defense to fight against infection

A

Leukocytes (White Blood Cells)

50
Q

These tiny, disc shaped elements are much smaller than cells and are essential in the initial formation of a blood clot to stop bleeding.

A

Platelets

51
Q

The amount of blood moved in 1 minute

A

Cardiac Output

52
Q

Amount of blood moved in 1 beat

A

Stroke Volume

53
Q

This side of the heart is a high pressure pump that pumps blood to the body

A

The left side

54
Q

When measuring blood pressure, the high point (the top number) is measured as the heart muscle is contracting.

A

Systolic Pressure

55
Q

The low point (the bottom number) measured when the heart is in its relaxation phase.

A

Diastolic pressure

Paramedic (4 decks)

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