Chapter 6 – The Cell Flashcards
Digestion
The breakdown of absorbed substances
Absorption
The transport of dissolved substances into cells
Respiration
The breakdown of food molecules with a release of energy
Excretion
The removal of soluble waste materials
Egestion
The removal of nonsoluble waste materials
Secretion
The release of biosynthesized substances
Homeostasis
Maintaining the status quo
Reproduction
Producing more cells
Cytology
The study of cells
Each cell must perform how many main functions?
Each cell must perform at least 11 main functions in order to support and maintain life.
What are the 11 main functions of a cell?
Absorption, digestion, respiration, biosynthesis, excretion, egestion, secretion, movement, irritability, homeostasis, and reproduction.
Cell wall
A rigid structure on the outside of certain cells, usually plant and bacteria cells
Middle Lamella
To thin film between the cell walls of adjacent cells
Plasma membrane
The semipermeable membrane between the cell content and either the cell wall or the cell’s surroundings
Cytoplasm
A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended
Ions
Substances in which at least one atom has an imbalance of protons and electrons
Cytoplasmic Streaming
The motion of cytoplasm in a cell that results in a coordinated movement of the cell’s contents
Mitochondria
The organelles in which nutrients are converted to energy
Lysosome
The organelle in animal cells responsible for hydrolysis reactions that break down proteins, polysaccharides, disaccharides, and some lipids
Ribosomes
Non-membrane-bounded organelles responsible for protein synthesis
Endoplasmic reticulum
An organelle composed of an extensive network of folded membranes that performs several tasks within a cell
Smooth ER
ER that has no Ribosomes
Rough ER
ER that is dotted with ribosomes
Leucoplasts
Organelles that store starches or oils
Chromoplats
Organelles that contain pigments used in photosynthesis
Central vacuole
A large vacuole that rests at the center of most plant cells and is filled with a solution that contains a high concentration of solutes
Waste vacuoles
Vacuoles that contain the waste products of digestion
Phagocytosis
The process by which a cell engulfs foreign substances or other cells
Phagocytic vacuole
Hey vacuole that holds the matter which a cell engulfs
