Chapter 5 – The Chemistry Of Life

Question 0

Model

Answer 0

An explanation or representation of something that cannot be seen

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Anything that has mass and takes up space

Question 2

Element

Answer 2

A collection of atoms that all have the same number of protons

Question 3

Molecules

Answer 3

Chemicals that result from atoms linking together

Question 4

Physical change

Answer 4

A change that affects the appearance but not the chemical makeup of a substance

Question 5

Chemical change

Answer 5

A change that alters the makeup of the elements or molecules of a substance

Question 6

Phase

Answer 6

One of three forms – solid, liquid, or gas – which every substance is capable of attaining

Question 7

Diffusion

Answer 7

The random motion of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 8

Concentration

Answer 8

And measurement of how much solute exists within a certain volume of solvent

Question 9

Semipermeable membrane

Answer 9

And membrane that allows some molecules to pass through but does not allow other molecules to pass through

Question 10

Osmosis

Answer 10

The tendency of solvent to travel across a semipermeable membrane into areas of higher solute concentration

Question 11

Catalyst

Answer 11

A substance that alters the speed of a chemical reaction but is not used up in the process

Question 12

Organic molecule

Answer 12

A molecule that contains only carbon and any of the following: hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and/or phosphorus

Question 13

Biosynthesis

Answer 13

The process by which living organisms produce larger molecules from smaller ones

Question 14

Isomers

Answer 14

Two different molecules that have the same chemical formula

Question 15

Monosaccharides

Answer 15

Simple carbohydrates contain 3 to 10 carbon atoms

Question 16

Disaccharides

Answer 16

Carbohydrates that are made up of two monosaccharides

Question 17

Polysaccharides

Answer 17

Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides

Question 18

Dehydration reaction

Answer 18

A chemical reaction in which molecules combine by removing water

Question 19

Hydrolysis

Answer 19

Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water

Question 20

Hydrophobic

Answer 20

Lacking any affinity to water

Question 21

Saturated fat

Answer 21

Is it made from fatty acids that have no double bonds between carbon atoms

Question 22

Unsaturated fat

Answer 22

A lipid made from fatty acids that have at least one double bond between carbon atoms

Question 23

Peptide bond

Answer 23

A bond that links amino acids together in a protein

Question 24

Hydrogen bond

Answer 24

A strong attraction between hydrogen atoms and certain other atoms (usually hydrogen or nitrogen) in specific molecules